University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Anaerobe. 2014 Aug;28:163-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.06.009. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
Diversity of Clostridium difficile in different age groups of goats (n = 109) and sheep (n = 105) was investigated. C. difficile was detected in 9.2% of goats and 5.7% of sheep. None of the adult animals were positive. Isolates belonged to four toxinotypes (0, V, XIa, XII), six PCR-ribotypes (010, 014/020, 045, 056, SLO 061, SLO 151) and six pulsotypes. PCR-ribotypes 010, 014/020, 045 and 056 were found previously in other animal species and humans in Slovenia. Additionally, three pulsotypes were indistinguishable from restriction patterns in our PFGE database of animal isolates. All strains were susceptible to metronidazol, vancomycin, moxifloxacin, and with the exception of a single non-toxigenic strain also to clindamycin and erythromycin. While all strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, oxacillin-resistance was observed only in strains of PCR-ribotype 045. This first study on C. difficile in small ruminants in Slovenia revealed the evidence of age-related shedding as the highest was demonstrated in neonatal goats and sheep aged up to 16 days.
本研究调查了不同年龄组山羊（n=109）和绵羊（n=105）中产艰难梭菌的多样性。在 9.2%的山羊和 5.7%的绵羊中检测到艰难梭菌。成年动物均为阴性。分离株属于四个毒素型（0、V、XIa、XII）、六个 PCR-核糖体型（010、014/020、045、056、SLO 061、SLO 151）和六个脉冲型。PCR-核糖体型 010、014/020、045 和 056 此前在斯洛文尼亚的其他动物物种和人类中发现过。此外，三种脉冲型与我们的动物分离物 PFGE 数据库中的限制图谱无法区分。所有菌株均对甲硝唑、万古霉素、莫西沙星敏感，除一株非产毒株外，还对克林霉素和红霉素敏感。虽然所有菌株对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星均耐药，但仅在 PCR-核糖体型 045 的菌株中观察到对苯唑西林的耐药性。这是斯洛文尼亚首次对小型反刍动物中产艰难梭菌的研究，结果表明与年龄相关的脱落证据最高，在 16 日龄以下的新生山羊和绵羊中表现最为明显。
