Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA
Behav Brain Sci. 2014 Jun;37(3):271-2. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X13002999.
We argue that Smaldino has not established that group-level traits constitute a unit of selection distinct from selection on individuals, as group-level traits are neither replicators nor interactors. Moreover, we argue that Wimsatt's analysis of emergence and aggregativity supports an understanding of group-level and other emergent traits as explanatorily reducible to the individual level.
我们认为，斯玛尔迪诺并没有证明群体水平特征构成了一个与个体选择不同的选择单位，因为群体水平特征既不是复制子也不是相互作用者。此外，我们认为，温姆斯塔特对涌现和聚合性的分析支持了这样一种理解，即把群体水平和其他涌现特征解释为可以还原到个体水平。
