Michael Lucy
New Bioeth. 2014;20(1):12-34. doi: 10.1179/2050287714z.00000000041.
The concept of dignity is widely used in society, particularly in reference to human rights law and bioethics. Several conceptions of dignity are identified, falling broadly within two categories: full inherent dignity (FID) and non-inherent dignity (NID). FID is a quality belonging equally to every being with full moral status, including all members of the human natural kind; it is permanent, unconditional, indivisible and inviolable. Those beings with FID ought to be treated deferentially by others by virtue of their belonging to a noble caste. FID grounds fundamental human rights, such as the rights to freedom and equality. The concept of dignity forms a network of interconnected ideas related to worth and value particularly within legal and ethical discourse; it is a rich and meaningful concept, irreducible to one or two quasi-legal principles. Fundamentally, dignity matters because it forms the foundation of civilized society; without it, serious abuse of people is more likely to occur.
尊严的概念在社会中被广泛使用，尤其是在人权法和生物伦理学领域。人们识别出了几种尊严的概念，大致可分为两类：完全固有尊严（FID）和非固有尊严（NID）。完全固有尊严是一种平等地属于每一个具有完全道德地位的生物的品质，包括人类自然种类的所有成员；它是永久的、无条件的、不可分割的和不可侵犯的。那些具有完全固有尊严的生物因其属于一个高贵的等级而应该受到他人的尊重对待。完全固有尊严是基本人权的基础，如自由和平等权利。尊严的概念形成了一个与价值和意义相关的相互关联的思想网络，特别是在法律和伦理话语中；它是一个丰富而有意义的概念，不能简化为一两个准法律原则。从根本上说，尊严很重要，因为它构成了文明社会的基础；没有它，更有可能发生对人的严重虐待。
