Velázquez-López Lubia, Santiago-Díaz Gerardo, Nava-Hernández Julia, Muñoz-Torres Abril V, Medina-Bravo Patricia, Torres-Tamayo Margarita
Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No, 1 Carlos Macgregor Sánchez-Navarro, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
BMC Pediatr. 2014 Jul 5;14:175. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-175.
The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet have been amply proven in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. The effects of this diet have not been extensively assessed in pediatric populations with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the Mediterranean style diet (MSD) to decrease cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity.
Participants were randomly assigned to a MSD rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, flavonoids and antioxidants (60% of energy from carbohydrate, 25% from fat, and 15% from protein, (n = 24); or a standard diet (55% of carbohydrate, 30% from fat and 15% from protein, (n = 25), the caloric ingest was individualized. At baseline and 16-week of intervention, the glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C were measured as well as the body composition and anthropometric data. The diet compliance was determined by the 24-hour recalls.Paired Student's t and Macnemar's test were used to compare effects in biochemical, body composition, anthropometric, and dietary variables.
The MSD group had a significantly decrease in BMI, lean mass, fat mass, glucose, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. (p < 0.05); the diet compliance increased consumption of omega 9 fatty acids, zinc, vitamin E, selenium, and decreased consumption of saturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). The standard diet group decrease in glucose levels and frequency of glucose >100 mg/dL (p < 0.05).
The MSD improves the BMI, glucose and lipid profile in children and adolescents with obesity and any MetS component.
地中海饮食对有心血管危险因素的成年人的有益影响已得到充分证实。这种饮食对患有肥胖症、胰岛素抵抗（IR）和代谢综合征（MetS）的儿科人群的影响尚未得到广泛评估。本研究的目的是评估地中海式饮食（MSD）对降低肥胖儿童和青少年心血管危险因素的疗效。
参与者被随机分配到富含多不饱和脂肪酸、纤维、类黄酮和抗氧化剂的MSD组（碳水化合物提供60%的能量，脂肪提供25%，蛋白质提供15%，（n = 24）；或标准饮食组（碳水化合物提供55%，脂肪提供30%，蛋白质提供15%，（n = 25），热量摄入是个性化的。在基线和干预16周时，测量血糖、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）以及身体成分和人体测量数据。通过24小时饮食回顾来确定饮食依从性。采用配对学生t检验和麦克内马尔检验来比较生化、身体成分、人体测量和饮食变量的影响。
MSD组的体重指数、瘦体重、脂肪量、血糖、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C显著降低。（p < 0.05）；饮食依从性增加了ω-9脂肪酸、锌、维生素E、硒的摄入量，并减少了饱和脂肪酸的摄入量（p < 0.05）。标准饮食组的血糖水平和血糖>100 mg/dL的频率降低。（p < 0.05）。
MSD可改善患有肥胖症和任何MetS成分的儿童和青少年的体重指数、血糖和血脂状况。
