Radzali Shazana Azfar, Baharin Badlishah Sham, Othman Rashidi, Markom Masturah, Rahman Russly Abdul
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
J Oleo Sci. 2014;63(8):769-77. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess13184. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
In recent years, astaxanthin is claimed to have a 10 times higher antioxidant activity than that of other carotenoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β-carotene; the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin is 100 times higher than that of α-tocopherol. Penaeus monodon (tiger shrimp) is the largest commercially available shrimp species and its waste is a rich source of carotenoids such as astaxanthin and its esters. The efficient and environment-friendly recovery of astaxanthins was accomplished by using a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. The effects of different co-solvents and their concentrations on the yield and composition of the extract were investigated. The following co-solvents were studied prior to the optimization of the SFE technique: ethanol, water, methanol, 50% (v/v) ethanol in water, 50% (v/v) methanol in water, 70% (v/v) ethanol in water, and 70% (v/v) methanol in water. The ethanol extract produced the highest carotenoid yield (84.02 ± 0.8 μg/g) dry weight (DW) with 97.1% recovery. The ethanol extract also produced the highest amount of the extracted astaxanthin complex (58.03 ± 0.1 μg/g DW) and the free astaxanthin content (12.25 ± 0.9 μg/g DW) in the extract. Lutein and β-carotene were the other carotenoids identified. Therefore, ethanol was chosen for further optimization studies.
近年来，虾青素被宣称具有比叶黄素、玉米黄质、角黄素和β-胡萝卜素等其他类胡萝卜素高10倍的抗氧化活性；虾青素的抗氧化活性比α-生育酚高100倍。斑节对虾（虎虾）是商业上可获得的最大虾种，其废弃物是虾青素及其酯类等类胡萝卜素的丰富来源。通过使用超临界流体萃取（SFE）技术实现了虾青素的高效且环境友好的回收。研究了不同共溶剂及其浓度对提取物产量和组成的影响。在优化SFE技术之前，对以下共溶剂进行了研究：乙醇、水、甲醇、50%（v/v）乙醇水溶液、50%（v/v）甲醇水溶液、70%（v/v）乙醇水溶液和70%（v/v）甲醇水溶液。乙醇提取物产生了最高的类胡萝卜素产量（84.02±0.8μg/g干重（DW）），回收率为97.1%。乙醇提取物还产生了提取物中最高量的提取虾青素复合物（58.03±0.1μg/g DW）和游离虾青素含量（12.25±0.9μg/g DW）。叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素是鉴定出的其他类胡萝卜素。因此，选择乙醇进行进一步的优化研究。
