Kolar Petr
University Eye Clinic, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:724780. doi: 10.1155/2014/724780. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision loss. Of the two main types of RVO, branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is 4 to 6 times more prevalent than central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). A basic risk factor for RVO is advancing age. Further risk factors include systemic conditions like hypertension, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, vascular cerebral stroke, blood hyperviscosity, and thrombophilia. A strong risk factor for RVO is the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia). Individuals with end-organ damage caused by diabetes mellitus and hypertension have greatly increased risk for RVO. Socioeconomic status seems to be a risk factor too. American blacks are more often diagnosed with RVO than non-Hispanic whites. Females are, according to some studies, at lower risk than men. The role of thrombophilic risk factors in RVO is still controversial. Congenital thrombophilic diseases like factor V Leiden mutation, hyperhomocysteinemia and anticardiolipin antibodies increase the risk of RVO. Cigarette smoking also increases the risk of RVO as do systemic inflammatory conditions like vasculitis and Behcet disease. Ophthalmic risk factors for RVO are ocular hypertension and glaucoma, higher ocular perfusion pressure, and changes in the retinal arteries.
视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）是视力丧失的主要原因。在RVO的两种主要类型中，视网膜分支静脉阻塞（BRVO）的患病率比视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）高4至6倍。RVO的一个基本风险因素是年龄增长。其他风险因素包括全身性疾病，如高血压、动脉硬化、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑血管意外、血液高黏滞度和易栓症。RVO的一个重要风险因素是代谢综合征（高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症）。因糖尿病和高血压导致终末器官损害的个体患RVO的风险大大增加。社会经济地位似乎也是一个风险因素。美国黑人比非西班牙裔白人更常被诊断出患有RVO。根据一些研究，女性的患病风险低于男性。易栓风险因素在RVO中的作用仍存在争议。先天性易栓疾病，如因子V莱顿突变、高同型半胱氨酸血症和抗心磷脂抗体，会增加患RVO的风险。吸烟以及血管炎和白塞病等全身性炎症性疾病也会增加患RVO的风险。RVO的眼科风险因素包括眼压升高和青光眼、较高的眼灌注压以及视网膜动脉的变化。
