谨小慎微至极点：自我保护与婚姻满意度轨迹
Cautious to a Fault: Self-Protection and the Trajectory of Marital Satisfaction.
作者信息
Murray Sandra L, Holmes John G, Derrick Jaye L, Harris Brianna, Griffin Dale W, Pinkus Rebecca T
机构信息
University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
University of Waterloo.
出版信息
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2013 May;49(3):522-533. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.010.
A contextual model of self-protection is proposed to explain when adhering to cautious "if-then" rules in daily interaction erodes marital satisfaction. People can self-protect against partner non-responsiveness by distancing when a partner seems rejecting, promoting a partner's dependence when feeling unworthy, or by devaluing a partner in the face of costs. The model implies that being less trusting elicits self-protection, and that mismatches between self-protective practices and encountered risk accelerate declines in satisfaction. A longitudinal study of newlyweds revealed that the fit between self-protection practices and risk predicted declines in satisfaction over three years. When people self-protected more initially, satisfaction declined more in low-risk (i.e., low conflict, resilient partner) than high-risk relationships (i.e., high conflict, vulnerable partner). However, when people self-protected less initially, satisfaction declined more in high-risk than low-risk relationships. Process evidence was consistent with moderated mediation: In low-risk relationships only, being less trusting predicted higher levels of self-protective caution that forecast later declines in satisfaction.
本文提出了一种自我保护的情境模型，以解释在日常互动中遵循谨慎的“如果……那么……”规则为何会侵蚀婚姻满意度。当伴侣表现出拒绝时，人们可以通过疏远来自我保护，避免伴侣的无回应；当感到自己不值得时，人们可以促使伴侣产生依赖；或者在面对付出时贬低伴侣。该模型表明，信任度降低会引发自我保护，并且自我保护行为与所面临风险之间的不匹配会加速满意度的下降。一项对新婚夫妇的纵向研究表明，自我保护行为与风险之间的匹配度能够预测三年间满意度的下降情况。当人们最初自我保护程度较高时，在低风险关系（即冲突少、伴侣有韧性）中，满意度的下降幅度比高风险关系（即冲突多、伴侣脆弱）中更大。然而，当人们最初自我保护程度较低时，在高风险关系中，满意度的下降幅度比低风险关系中更大。过程证据与调节中介作用一致：仅在低风险关系中，信任度降低预示着更高水平的自我保护谨慎程度，而这又会预测随后满意度的下降。
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