Hilbig Benjamin E, Glöckner Andreas, Zettler Ingo
School of Social Sciences.
Department of Psychology, University of Göttingen.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2014 Sep;107(3):529-39. doi: 10.1037/a0036074. Epub 2014 Jul 14.
Concerning the dispositional determinants of prosocial behavior and cooperation, work based on the classic 5 personality factors, and especially Agreeableness, has turned out somewhat inconsistent. A clearer picture has emerged from consideration of the HEXACO model of personality--though supported entirely by hypothetical behavior as criterion, so far. Thus, in 2 studies and a reanalysis, we investigated "actual behavior" in the form of individually and socially consequential distribution decisions. As expected, HEXACO Honesty-Humility consistently predicted prosocial behavior, including a theory-consistent pattern on the facet level. Importantly, this pattern might explain why five-factor Agreeableness has only sometimes been found to account for prosocial behavior. Indeed, further results indicate that five-factor Agreeableness comprises some aspects that are predictive of prosocial behavior--aspects well covered by HEXACO Honesty-Humility--but also others that play no role for this criterion. As such, the links between five-factor Agreeableness and prosocial behavior are well-covered by HEXACO Honesty-Humility, but not vice versa. Taken together, these findings hint that especially HEXACO Honesty-Humility (and certain aspects of five-factor Agreeableness) account for prosocial behavior--thus explaining previous inconsistencies and providing a more nuanced understanding of the links between basic personality and prosocial or cooperative behavior.
关于亲社会行为与合作的性格决定因素，基于经典五因素人格模型，尤其是宜人性的研究结果有些不一致。从人格的HEXACO模型来看，情况变得更加清晰——尽管目前完全以假设行为作为标准来支持。因此，在两项研究及一次重新分析中，我们以个人和社会层面的分配决策形式，研究了“实际行为”。正如预期的那样，HEXACO模型中的诚实谦逊特质始终能预测亲社会行为，包括在子维度层面上与理论相符的模式。重要的是，这种模式或许可以解释为什么有时五因素人格模型中的宜人性只能部分解释亲社会行为。实际上，进一步的研究结果表明，五因素人格模型中的宜人性包含一些能预测亲社会行为的方面——这些方面在HEXACO模型的诚实谦逊特质中也有体现——但也包含一些对此标准不起作用的方面。因此，五因素人格模型中的宜人性与亲社会行为之间的联系可以由HEXACO模型中的诚实谦逊特质很好地解释，但反之则不然。综上所述，这些研究结果表明，尤其是HEXACO模型中的诚实谦逊特质（以及五因素人格模型中宜人性的某些方面）能够解释亲社会行为——从而解释了之前的不一致之处，并为基本人格与亲社会或合作行为之间的联系提供了更细致入微的理解。
