Losfeld Guillaume, L'Huillier Laurent, Fogliani Bruno, Jaffré Tanguy, Grison Claude
FRE 3673-Bioinspired Chemistry and Ecological Innovation-CNRS, University of Montpellier 2, Stratoz, Cap Alpha, Avenue de l'Europe, 34830, Clapiers, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Apr;22(8):5592-607. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3358-x. Epub 2014 Jul 29.
New Caledonia is a widely recognised marine and terrestrial biodiversity hot spot. However, this unique environment is under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Major threats are related to land cover change and include fire, urban sprawling and mining. Resulting habitat loss and fragmentation end up in serious erosion of the local biodiversity. Mining is of particular concern due to its economic significance for the island. Open cast mines were exploited there since 1873, and scraping out soil to access ores wipes out flora. Resulting perturbations on water flows and dramatic soil erosion lead to metal-rich sediment transport downstream into rivers and the lagoon. Conflicting environmental and economic aspects of mining are discussed in this paper. However, mining practices are also improving, and where impacts are inescapable ecological restoration is now considered. Past and ongoing experiences in the restoration of New Caledonian terrestrial ecosystems are presented and discussed here. Economic use of the local floristic diversity could also promote conservation and restoration, while providing alternative incomes. In this regard, Ecocatalysis, an innovative approach to make use of metal hyperaccumulating plants, is of particular interest.
新喀里多尼亚是一个广为人知的海洋和陆地生物多样性热点地区。然而，这种独特的环境正面临着越来越大的人为压力。主要威胁与土地覆盖变化有关，包括火灾、城市扩张和采矿。由此导致的栖息地丧失和破碎化最终导致当地生物多样性的严重侵蚀。由于采矿对该岛具有经济重要性，因此尤其令人担忧。自1873年以来，那里就开始开采露天矿，为获取矿石而刮去土壤会破坏植物群落。由此对水流造成的扰动和严重的土壤侵蚀导致富含金属的沉积物被输送到下游的河流和泻湖中。本文讨论了采矿在环境和经济方面的冲突。然而，采矿做法也在不断改进，现在在无法避免影响的地方会考虑进行生态恢复。本文介绍并讨论了新喀里多尼亚陆地生态系统恢复的过去和当前经验。对当地植物多样性的经济利用也可以促进保护和恢复，同时提供替代收入。在这方面，生态催化作为一种利用金属超积累植物的创新方法，尤其值得关注。
