Soori Hamid, Ainy Elaheh, Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad
a Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
b Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2015;22(4):314-9. doi: 10.1080/17457300.2014.908227. Epub 2014 Aug 8.
Approximately one-third of Iranian children's deaths are caused by injuries. Of these, 36% result from road traffic injuries (RTIs). Both RTIs and fatalities could be reduced by using child car restraints (CCRs). Despite their demonstrated effectiveness, CCRs are not mandatory in Iran. This study was conducted to assess opportunities and barriers in enacting mandatory CCR laws in that country. Using mixed method research, a phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences and perspectives of road safety stakeholders in regard to opportunities and threats in enacting mandatory CCR laws in Iran. The themes derived from group discussions were used to first develop a structured questionnaire, which was later distributed to and completed by study participants. The study analysis was conducted using scores and rankings from the responses to these questions. Twenty-eight stakeholders participated in the study. Most were male, aged 36.7 ± 5.6 (range 25-59). In terms of identifying the organization that should establish mandatory CCR laws, the Traffic Police Department achieved the highest score of 90 (range 0-100). The participants also thought that the Traffic Police department is responsible to monitor compliance and conduct follow-up investigations (score = 100). In regard to existing barriers in enacting CCR laws, the lack of positive Publicity by mass media and the lack of related laws received scores of 85 and 70, respectively. Enabling factors and opportunities included 'positive regards or attitude of families towards their child's health,' 'officials' commitment to support such laws' and 'having adequate resources to raise community awareness of the importance of CCR use. These received scores of 83, 69 and 68, respectively. The results suggest that cooperation and collaboration among stakeholders including the Traffic Police, families and local communities are needed to maximize the likelihood of mandating CCR laws.
伊朗约三分之一儿童死亡是由伤害所致。其中，36% 源于道路交通伤害（RTIs）。使用儿童汽车安全座椅（CCRs）可减少道路交通伤害及死亡。尽管已证明其有效性，但在伊朗，儿童汽车安全座椅并非强制性使用。本研究旨在评估该国制定强制性儿童汽车安全座椅法律的机遇与障碍。采用混合方法研究，运用现象学方法探讨道路安全利益相关者对于伊朗制定强制性儿童汽车安全座椅法律的机遇和威胁的经验与观点。从小组讨论得出的主题首先用于编制一份结构化问卷，随后分发给研究参与者并由其完成。研究分析采用对这些问题回答的得分和排名。28 名利益相关者参与了该研究。大多数为男性，年龄 36.7 ± 5.6（范围 25 - 59 岁）。在确定应由哪个组织制定强制性儿童汽车安全座椅法律方面，交警部门得分最高，为 90 分（范围 0 - 100）。参与者还认为交警部门有责任监督合规情况并进行后续调查（得分 = 100）。关于制定儿童汽车安全座椅法律的现有障碍，大众媒体缺乏正面宣传以及缺乏相关法律的得分分别为 85 和 70。促成因素和机遇包括“家庭对孩子健康的积极关注或态度”、“官员支持此类法律的承诺”以及“有足够资源提高社区对使用儿童汽车安全座椅重要性的认识”。这些因素的得分分别为 83、69 和 68。结果表明，需要交警、家庭和当地社区等利益相关者之间开展合作与协作，以使制定强制性儿童汽车安全座椅法律的可能性最大化。
