Escobedo L G, Remington P L, Anda R F
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Branch, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Public Health Rep. 1989 Nov-Dec;104(6):583-7.
Preventing the initiation of cigarette smoking plays a vital role in reducing rates of cigarette smoking. The authors investigated trends in cigarette smoking initiation among Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Puerto Rican Americans, compared with whites, by examining the cigarette smoking histories of adults from the 1982-83 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 1987 National Health Interview Survey. To evaluate these trends, they calculated the prevalence of cigarette smoking among 20-24-year-olds, an indicator of the rate of smoking initiation, in successive 5-year birth cohorts from 1908-12 to 1958-62 among Hispanics and from 1908-12 to 1963-67 among whites. Recently, rates of smoking initiation among Mexican American and Cuban American men have declined and converged with rates of initiation among white men. However, rates of initiation among Puerto Rican American men appeared to have remained unchanged since the 1950s. During the 1970s rates of smoking initiation among Cuban American and Puerto Rican American women surpassed those of white women. In the early 1980s, however, rates of initiation among these groups of Hispanic women have declined to levels comparable to or perhaps lower than the rates among white women. Although recently the rates among Mexican American women have been the lowest of all groups of women, they have not experienced appreciable declines. In general, rates of smoking initiation either declined or leveled off later for Hispanics than for whites. These results suggest that Hispanics tended to follow the smoking trends observed among whites and that special efforts are needed to prevent cigarette smoking among Hispanics.
预防开始吸烟对于降低吸烟率起着至关重要的作用。作者通过研究1982 - 83年西班牙裔健康与营养检查调查以及1987年国家健康访谈调查中成年人的吸烟史，调查了墨西哥裔美国人、古巴裔美国人、波多黎各裔美国人与白人相比在吸烟开始方面的趋势。为了评估这些趋势，他们计算了1908 - 12年至1958 - 62年西班牙裔以及1908 - 12年至1963 - 67年白人连续5年出生队列中20 - 24岁人群的吸烟患病率，这是吸烟开始率的一个指标。最近，墨西哥裔美国人和古巴裔美国男性的吸烟开始率有所下降，并与白人男性的开始率趋于一致。然而，自20世纪50年代以来，波多黎各裔美国男性的开始率似乎一直保持不变。在20世纪70年代，古巴裔美国人和波多黎各裔美国女性的吸烟开始率超过了白人女性。然而，在20世纪80年代初，这些西班牙裔女性群体的开始率已降至与白人女性相当或可能更低的水平。尽管最近墨西哥裔美国女性的吸烟率在所有女性群体中是最低的，但她们并没有明显下降。总体而言，西班牙裔吸烟开始率下降或趋于平稳的时间比白人晚。这些结果表明，西班牙裔倾向于遵循在白人中观察到的吸烟趋势，并且需要做出特别努力来预防西班牙裔吸烟。
