Krieger Heather, Young Chelsie M, Anthenien Amber M, Neighbors Clayton
Heather Krieger, M.A., is a graduate student; Chelsie M. Young, Ph.D., is a post-doctoral researcher; Amber M. Anthenien, M.S., is a graduate student; and Clayton Neighbors, Ph.D., is a professor, all in the Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
Alcohol Res. 2018;39(1):23-30.
Rates of alcohol consumption continue to be a concern, particularly for individuals who are college age. Drinking patterns have changed over time, with the frequency of binge drinking (consuming four/five or more drinks for women/men) remaining high (30% to 40%). Young adults in the college age range are developmentally and socially at higher risk for drinking at binge levels. Changes in autonomy, parental control, norms, and attitudes affect binge drinking behaviors. This article reviews those changes, as well as the individual and environmental factors that increase or decrease the risk of participating in binge drinking behaviors. Risk factors include risky drinking events (e.g., 21st birthdays), other substance use, and drinking to cope, while protective factors include religious beliefs, low normative perceptions of drinking, and use of protective behavioral strategies. Additionally, this article discusses the physical, social, emotional, and cognitive consequences of consuming alcohol at binge levels. Alcohol policies and prevention and intervention techniques need to incorporate these factors to reduce experiences of alcohol-related problems. Targeting policy changes and prevention and intervention efforts toward young adults may increase effectiveness and prevent both short- and long-term consequences of binge drinking.
酒精消费率仍然令人担忧，尤其是对于处于大学年龄的人群。饮酒模式随时间发生了变化，狂饮（女性饮用四杯/五杯及以上，男性饮用五杯及以上）的频率仍然很高（30%至40%）。处于大学年龄范围的年轻人在发育和社交方面面临更高的狂饮风险。自主性、父母控制、规范和态度的变化会影响狂饮行为。本文回顾了这些变化，以及增加或降低参与狂饮行为风险的个体和环境因素。风险因素包括危险饮酒事件（如21岁生日）、其他物质使用以及为了应对而饮酒，而保护因素包括宗教信仰、对饮酒的低规范认知以及使用保护性行为策略。此外，本文还讨论了狂饮酒精所带来的身体、社交、情感和认知后果。酒精政策以及预防和干预技术需要纳入这些因素，以减少与酒精相关问题的发生。针对年轻人进行政策变革以及预防和干预努力可能会提高有效性，并预防狂饮的短期和长期后果。
