Fandler Martin, Habersack Marion, Dimai Hans P
Office of the Vice Rector for Teaching & Studies, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria.
BMC Med Educ. 2014 Aug 16;14:172. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-172.
Simulation-based-training (SBT) in the education of health professionals is discussed as an effective alternative for knowledge and skills enhancement as well as for the establishment of a secure learning environment, for learners and patients. In the Anglo-American region, SBT and simulation and training centers (STC) are numbered as standard for medical training. In German-speaking Central Europe, priority is still given to the establishment of SBT and STC. The purpose of this study was (i) to survey the status quo relating to the existence and facilities of simulation and training centers at medical universities in German-speaking Central Europe and (ii) the evaluation of training methods, especially in the area of emergency medicine skills.
All public and private medical universities or medical faculties in Germany (36), Austria (4) and German-speaking Switzerland (3) were interviewed. In the survey, information regarding the existence and facilities of STCs and information with regards to the use of SBT in the area of emergency medicine was requested. The questions were partly posed in a closed-ended-, in an open-ended- and in a multiple choice format (with the possibility of selecting more than one answer).
Of a total of 43 contacted medical universities/medical faculties, 40 ultimately participated in the survey. As decisive for the establishment of a STC the potential to improve the clinical-practical training and the demand by students were listed. Obligatory training in a STC during the first and sixth academic year was confirmed only by 12 institutions, before the first invasive procedure on patients by 17 institutions. 13 institutions confirmed the use of the STC for the further training of physicians and care-staff. Training for the acute care and emergency medicine skills in the field of pediatrics, for the most part, occurs decentralized.
New methods in medical training have reached German-speaking Central Europe, but the simulation and training centers vary in size, equipment or regarding their integration into the obligatory curriculum as much as the number and variety of the offering to be trained voluntarily or on an obligatory basis.
在卫生专业人员教育中，基于模拟的培训（SBT）被认为是增强知识和技能以及为学习者和患者建立安全学习环境的有效替代方法。在英美地区，SBT和模拟培训中心（STC）被视为医学培训的标准。在讲德语的中欧地区，仍优先考虑建立SBT和STC。本研究的目的是：（i）调查讲德语的中欧地区医科大学模拟培训中心的现状及其设施情况；（ii）评估培训方法，尤其是在急诊医学技能领域的培训方法。
对面德国（36所）、奥地利（4所）和讲德语的瑞士（3所）的所有公立和私立医科大学或医学院进行了访谈。在调查中，询问了有关STC的现状和设施信息，以及急诊医学领域中SBT的使用情况。问题部分采用封闭式、开放式和多项选择格式（可选择多个答案）。
在总共联系的43所医科大学/医学院中，最终有40所参与了调查。对于建立STC，列出了改善临床实践培训的潜力和学生的需求作为决定性因素。只有12所机构确认在第一和第六学年必须在STC进行培训，17所机构确认在首次对患者进行侵入性操作之前必须在STC培训。13所机构确认使用STC对医生和护理人员进行进一步培训。儿科急性护理和急诊医学技能培训大多是分散进行的。
医学培训的新方法已进入讲德语的中欧地区，但模拟培训中心在规模、设备、融入必修课程的程度以及自愿或必修培训项目的数量和种类方面各不相同。
