Barberger-Gateau P
1] ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France [2] INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1245-9. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.177. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
Epidemiological studies and basic research suggest a protective effect of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and B vitamins against brain aging. However, most randomized controlled trial (RCTs) with nutritional supplements have yielded disappointing effects on cognition so far. This paper suggests some original directions for future research to better support a role of nutrition in brain aging. The role of other nutrients such as docosapentaenoic acid and fat-soluble vitamins D and K should be investigated. A more holistic approach of nutrition is necessary, encompassing potential synergies between nutrients as found in a balanced diet. Potential beneficiaries of a nutritional supplementation should be better targeted, according to their dietary, cognitive and maybe genetic characteristics. Innovative RCTs should be implemented to assess the impact of nutrition for the prevention or treatment of cognitive decline in older persons, using intermediate biomarkers of disease progression and mechanisms of action of nutrients as outcomes.
流行病学研究和基础研究表明，长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、抗氧化剂和B族维生素对脑衰老具有保护作用。然而，迄今为止，大多数使用营养补充剂的随机对照试验（RCT）在认知方面产生的效果令人失望。本文为未来研究提出了一些新方向，以更好地支持营养在脑衰老中的作用。应研究二十二碳五烯酸以及脂溶性维生素D和K等其他营养素的作用。需要采用更全面的营养方法，包括均衡饮食中发现的营养素之间的潜在协同作用。应根据营养补充剂潜在受益人的饮食、认知以及可能的基因特征，更精准地确定目标人群。应开展创新性随机对照试验，以疾病进展的中间生物标志物和营养素的作用机制为结果，评估营养对预防或治疗老年人认知衰退的影响。
