Allam Gamal, Alsulaimani Adnan A, Alghamdi Hamed, Alswat Hameed, Edrees Burhan M, Ahmad Iftikhar, Nasr Amre
1 High Altitude Research Center, Taif University , Taif, Saudi Arabia .
High Alt Med Biol. 2014 Sep;15(3):380-7. doi: 10.1089/ham.2014.1001. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of living in moderate altitude area on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines profile (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-4) among type I diabetic (T1D) and non- T1D children compared with those living at sea level area. A prospective clinical study was carried out at pediatric outpatient endocrine clinics in Taif City, which is a moderate altitude area in Saudi Arabia, that stands about 1800-2000 meters above sea-level; and in Mecca City, which is a sea level area, that lies in the middle west of Saudi Arabia. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) percentage was estimated and cytokine measurements were performed in sera by flow cytometry using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) technology. In this study we included 600 children who were consecutively enrolled (sex and age were matched). The HbA1c was statistically significantly higher in children living in moderate altitude compared to those living at sea level (overall p<0.001). Furthermore, T1D patients had higher values of serum cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10) in comparison to non-T1D control group (overall p<0.001). In conclusion, the data of the present study clearly showed that in both T1D and non-T1D children, moderate altitude-natives expressed high HbA1c and both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Type I diabetic children living in moderate altitude or at sea level showed elevated levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 than control subjects. Glycemic control in non-diabetic children was affected by living in moderate altitude, however, HbA1c significantly increased in diabetic children living in moderate altitude.
本研究的目的是调查与生活在海平面地区的儿童相比，生活在中度海拔地区对I型糖尿病（T1D）和非T1D儿童促炎/抗炎细胞因子谱（IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-10和IL-4）的可能影响。在沙特阿拉伯的中度海拔地区、海拔约1800 - 2000米的塔伊夫市的儿科门诊内分泌诊所，以及位于沙特阿拉伯中西部的海平面地区麦加市，进行了一项前瞻性临床研究。采用细胞计数珠阵列（CBA）技术通过流式细胞术估计糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）百分比并检测血清中的细胞因子。本研究纳入了600名连续入组的儿童（性别和年龄匹配）。与生活在海平面的儿童相比，生活在中度海拔地区的儿童HbA1c在统计学上显著更高（总体p<0.001）。此外，与非T1D对照组相比，T1D患者血清细胞因子水平（IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-4和IL-10）更高（总体p<0.001）。总之，本研究数据清楚地表明，在T1D和非T1D儿童中，中度海拔地区的儿童HbA1c以及促炎和抗炎细胞因子均表达较高。生活在中度海拔或海平面的I型糖尿病儿童的IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IL-4和IL-10水平高于对照组。生活在中度海拔地区会影响非糖尿病儿童的血糖控制，然而，生活在中度海拔地区的糖尿病儿童HbA1c显著升高。
