Groth Margit Velsing, Sørensen Mette Rosenlund, Matthiessen Jeppe, Fagt Sisse, Landvad Niels, Knudsen Vibeke Kildegaard
Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2014 Nov;42(7):611-20. doi: 10.1177/1403494814547668. Epub 2014 Sep 8.
To examine social disparities in dietary-, alcohol- and leisure-time physical activity habits in Danish adults from 1995 to 2008 and to test the hypothesis of widening disparities.
Four cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of the Danish population aged 20-75 years were analysed, a total of 7900 respondents. Dietary and alcohol habits were measured by a 7-day pre-coded food diary and physical activity and education by a face-to-face interview. Multivariate analyses were used to test associations between explanatory variables and response variables and the hypothesis of widening disparities.
In all analyses, both diet quality and physical inactivity differed systematically with educational group and with healthier habits for the group with long education. Only for alcohol habits was an opposite social gradient seen. Disparities persisted over all time periods. The analyses using "The Concentration Index" did not change any of the conclusions. Gender also influenced diet quality. Men had dietary and alcohol habits furthest away from the guidelines. A trend of healthier habits was also found over the time period.
Social disparities in diet quality and leisure-time physical activity were seen for all examined time periods and with no significant change therefore, there is no support to the hypothesis of widening social disparities in all educational groups some improvement of dietary habits was found, especially for those foods where comprehensive initiatives had taken place however, social disparities still exist there is an ongoing need to address these disparities in order to reduce social inequality in health.
研究1995年至2008年丹麦成年人在饮食、饮酒和休闲时间身体活动习惯方面的社会差异，并检验差异扩大的假设。
对丹麦20 - 75岁具有代表性样本的四次横断面调查进行分析，共有7900名受访者。饮食和饮酒习惯通过一份7天预编码的食物日记进行测量，身体活动和教育程度通过面对面访谈进行测量。多变量分析用于检验解释变量和反应变量之间的关联以及差异扩大的假设。
在所有分析中，饮食质量和缺乏身体活动在教育程度组之间存在系统性差异，受教育时间长的组具有更健康的习惯。只有饮酒习惯呈现相反的社会梯度。在所有时间段差异都持续存在。使用“集中指数”的分析没有改变任何结论。性别也影响饮食质量。男性的饮食和饮酒习惯与指南相差最远。在该时间段内还发现了习惯更健康的趋势。
在所有研究时间段内都观察到饮食质量和休闲时间身体活动方面的社会差异，且无显著变化，因此，不支持所有教育程度组社会差异扩大的假设；饮食习惯有一些改善，特别是在那些已采取全面举措的食物方面；然而，社会差异仍然存在；持续需要解决这些差异，以减少健康方面的社会不平等。
