Oceanography and Environmental Impacts Coordination Program, COIAM, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), SHIS Quadra 01, Conjunto B - Bloco A - Edifício Santos Dumont, Lago Sul, Brasília, DF, CEP 71605-160, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2014 Nov;23(9):1803-13. doi: 10.1007/s10646-014-1346-z. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
The toxic potential of four disinfectant agents (chlorine, ozone, peracetic acid and UV radiation), used in the disinfection of urban wastewater, was evaluated with respect to four aquatic organisms. Disinfection assays were carried out with wastewater from the city of Araraquara (São Paulo State, Brazil), and subsequently, toxicity bioassays were applied in order to verify possible adverse effects to the cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis), midge larvae Chironomus xanthus and fish (Danio rerio). Under the experimental conditions tested, all the disinfectants were capable of producing harmful effects on the test organisms, except for C. xanthus. The toxicity of the effluent to C. silvestrii was observed to increase significantly as a result of disinfection using 2.5 mg L(-1) chlorine and 29.9 mg L(-1) ozone. Ozonation and chlorination significantly affected the survival of D. similis and D. rerio, causing mortality of 60 to 100 % in comparison to the non-disinfected effluent. In experiments with effluent treated with peracetic acid (PAA) and UV radiation, a statistically significant decrease in survival was only detected for D. rerio. This investigation suggested that the study of the ideal concentrations of disinfectants is a research need for ecologically safe options for the treatment of wastewater.
四种消毒剂（氯、臭氧、过氧乙酸和紫外线辐射）在城市废水消毒中的毒性潜力，针对四种水生生物进行了评估。用来自巴西阿拉拉夸拉市的废水进行了消毒试验，然后进行了毒性生物测定，以验证对枝角类（Ceratodaphnia silvestrii 和 Daphnia similis）、摇蚊幼虫 Chironomus xanthus 和鱼类（Danio rerio）可能产生的不利影响。在测试的实验条件下，除了 C. xanthus 之外，所有消毒剂都能够对试验生物产生有害影响。结果表明，用 2.5mg/L 氯和 29.9mg/L 臭氧消毒会使废水对 C. silvestrii 的毒性显著增加。臭氧化和氯化显著影响 D. similis 和 D. rerio 的存活，与未消毒的废水相比，死亡率达到 60%至 100%。在用过氧乙酸（PAA）和紫外线辐射处理的废水的实验中，仅检测到 D. rerio 的存活有统计学意义的下降。这项研究表明，研究消毒剂的理想浓度是处理废水的生态安全选择的研究需求。
