Shors Tracey J, Olson Ryan L, Bates Marsha E, Selby Edward A, Alderman Brandon L
Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Rutgers University, United States; Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, United States; Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, United States.
Department of Exercise Science, Rutgers University, United States.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014 Nov;115:3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.012. Epub 2014 Sep 9.
New neurons are generated in the hippocampus each day and their survival is greatly enhanced through effortful learning (Shors, 2014). The numbers of cells produced can be increased by physical exercise (van Praag, Kempermann, & Gage, 1999). These findings inspired us to develop a clinical intervention for humans known as Mental and Physical Training, or MAP Training. Each session consists of 30min of mental training with focused attention meditation (20min sitting and 10min walking). Meditation is an effortful training practice that involves learning about the transient nature of thoughts and thought patterns, and acquiring skills to recognize them without necessarily attaching meaning and/or emotions to them. The mental training component is followed by physical training with 30min of aerobic exercise performed at moderate intensity. During this component, participants learn choreographed dance routines while engaging in aerobic exercise. In a pilot "proof-of-concept" study, we provided supervised MAP Training (2 sessions per week for 8weeks) to a group of young mothers in the local community who were recently homeless, most of them having previously suffered from physical and sexual abuse, addiction, and depression. Preliminary data suggest that MAP Training improves dependent measures of aerobic fitness (as assessed by maximal rate of oxygen consumed) while decreasing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Similar changes were not observed in a group of recently homeless women who did not participate in MAP Training. It is not currently possible to determine whether new neurons in the human brain increase in number as a result of MAP Training. Rather these preliminary results of MAP Training illustrate how neuroscientific research can be translated into novel clinical interventions that benefit human health and wellness.
每天都有新的神经元在海马体中生成，通过努力学习，它们的存活率会大大提高（肖尔斯，2014年）。体育锻炼可以增加产生的细胞数量（范普拉格、凯姆珀曼和盖奇，1999年）。这些发现启发我们为人类开发一种名为身心训练（MAP训练）的临床干预方法。每次训练包括30分钟的心理训练，即专注注意力冥想（20分钟坐着冥想和10分钟行走冥想）。冥想是一种需要付出努力的训练方法，它涉及了解思想和思维模式的短暂本质，并获得在不一定赋予其意义和/或情感的情况下识别它们的技能。心理训练部分之后是30分钟中等强度有氧运动的体能训练。在这个部分，参与者在进行有氧运动的同时学习编排好的舞蹈动作。在一项初步的“概念验证”研究中，我们为当地社区一群最近无家可归的年轻母亲提供了有监督的MAP训练（每周2次，共8周），她们中的大多数人以前遭受过身体和性虐待、成瘾和抑郁症。初步数据表明，MAP训练提高了有氧适能的相关指标（通过最大耗氧率评估），同时减轻了抑郁和焦虑症状。在一组未参加MAP训练的最近无家可归的女性中未观察到类似的变化。目前尚无法确定人脑中新神经元的数量是否会因MAP训练而增加。相反，MAP训练的这些初步结果说明了神经科学研究如何能够转化为有益于人类健康和幸福的新型临床干预措施。
