Brandstätter Eduard, Körner Christof
Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014 Oct;152:166-76. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.08.008. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
Previous research on the processes involved in risky decisions has rarely linked process data to choice directly. We used a simple measure based on the relative amount of attentional deployment to different components (gains/losses and their probabilities) of a risky gamble during the choice process, and we related this measure to the actual choice. In an experiment we recorded the decisions, decision times, and eye movements of 80 participants who made decisions on 11 choice problems. We used the number of eye fixations and fixation transitions to trace the deployment of attention during the choice process and obtained the following main results. First, different components of a gamble attracted different amounts of attention depending on participants' actual choice. This was reflected in both the number of fixations and the fixation transitions. Second, the last-fixated gamble but not the last-fixated reason predicted participants' choices. Third, a comparison of data obtained with eye tracking and data obtained with verbal protocols from a previous study showed a large degree of convergence regarding the process of risky choice. Together these findings tend to support dimensional decision strategies such as the priority heuristic.
先前关于风险决策过程的研究很少将过程数据与选择直接联系起来。我们使用了一种基于选择过程中对风险赌博的不同组成部分（收益/损失及其概率）注意力分配相对量的简单测量方法，并将该测量方法与实际选择联系起来。在一项实验中，我们记录了80名参与者在11个选择问题上的决策、决策时间和眼动情况。我们使用注视次数和注视转换次数来追踪选择过程中的注意力分配，并得到了以下主要结果。首先，根据参与者的实际选择，赌博的不同组成部分吸引了不同程度的注意力。这在注视次数和注视转换次数中都有所体现。其次，最后注视的赌博而非最后注视的原因预测了参与者的选择。第三，将眼动追踪获得的数据与先前一项研究中通过言语报告获得的数据进行比较，结果显示在风险选择过程方面有很大程度的趋同。这些发现共同倾向于支持诸如优先启发式等维度决策策略。
