1 Gielen-Leyendecker Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.
2 Department of Psychology, University of Zurich.
Psychol Sci. 2018 Nov;29(11):1878-1889. doi: 10.1177/0956797618799301. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
According to research studying the processes underlying decisions, a two-channel mechanism connects attention and choices: top-down and bottom-up processes. To identify the magnitude of each channel, we exogenously varied information intake by systematically interrupting participants' decision processes in Study 1 ( N = 116). Results showed that participants were more likely to choose a predetermined target option. Because selection effects limited the interpretation of the results, we used a sequential-presentation paradigm in Study 2 (preregistered, N = 100). To partial out bottom-up effects of attention on choices, in particular, we presented alternatives by mirroring the gaze patterns of autonomous decision makers. Results revealed that final fixations successfully predicted choices when experimentally manipulated (bottom up). Specifically, up to 11.32% of the link between attention and choices is driven by exogenously guided attention (1.19% change in choices overall), while the remaining variance is explained by top-down preference formation.
根据研究决策背后过程的研究，有一个双通道机制将注意力和选择联系起来：自上而下和自下而上的过程。为了确定每个通道的大小，我们在研究 1（N=116）中通过系统地中断参与者的决策过程来人为地改变信息摄入。结果表明，参与者更有可能选择预定的目标选项。由于选择效应限制了结果的解释，我们在研究 2 中使用了顺序呈现范式（预先注册，N=100）。为了部分消除注意对选择的自下而上影响，特别是，我们通过镜像自主决策者的注视模式来呈现替代方案。结果表明，当实验操纵时，最终注视点成功地预测了选择（自下而上）。具体来说，注意力和选择之间高达 11.32%的联系是由外部引导的注意力驱动的（整体选择变化 1.19%），而其余的差异由自上而下的偏好形成解释。
