Solt Ido
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015 Feb;29(2):165-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.04.024. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
The emergence of the concept of the microbiome, together with the development of molecular-based techniques, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, has dramatically increased the detection of microorganisms, the number of known species, and the understanding of bacterial communities that are relevant to maternal-fetal medicine in health and disease. Culture-independent methods enable characterization of the microbiomes of the reproductive tract of pregnant and nonpregnant women, and have increased our understanding of the role of the uterine microbiome in adverse obstetric outcomes. While bacterial ascent from the vaginal tract is recognized as the primary cause of intrauterine infection, the microbiomes of the gastrointestinal, oral, and respiratory tracts are shown to be involved by means of hematogenous spread. The transmission of maternal microbiomes to the neonate, by vaginal delivery or cesarean section, is shown to affect health from birth to adulthood.
微生物群概念的出现，以及基于分子技术的发展，特别是使用16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因的聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增，极大地提高了对微生物的检测、已知物种的数量，以及对与母婴医学中健康和疾病相关的细菌群落的理解。非培养方法能够对孕妇和非孕妇生殖道的微生物群进行表征，并增进了我们对子宫微生物群在不良产科结局中作用的理解。虽然阴道细菌上行被认为是宫内感染的主要原因，但胃肠道、口腔和呼吸道的微生物群也被证明可通过血行播散参与其中。经阴道分娩或剖宫产将母体微生物群传递给新生儿，已被证明会影响从出生到成年的健康。
