Bialystok Ellen, Poarch Gregory, Luo Lin, Craik Fergus I M
Department of Psychology, York University.
Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest.
Psychol Aging. 2014 Sep;29(3):696-705. doi: 10.1037/a0037254.
Two studies are reported in which younger and older monolingual and bilingual adults performed executive function tasks. In Study 1, 130 participants performed a Stroop task and bilinguals in both age groups showed less interference than monolinguals with a greater benefit for older adults. In Study 2, 108 participants performed a complex working memory task based on verbal or nonverbal stimuli. Bilinguals showed less interference than monolinguals, with a larger bilingual advantage in the older adult group and in the nonverbal task. Together, these results show that bilingual advantages in executive function depend on characteristics of the participants and features of the tasks, with larger effects found for older than younger adults and for complex tasks using nonverbal material.
本文报道了两项研究，其中年轻和年长的单语及双语成年人执行了执行功能任务。在研究1中，130名参与者完成了一项斯特鲁普任务，两个年龄组的双语者比单语者表现出更少的干扰，且对年长者的益处更大。在研究2中，108名参与者基于言语或非言语刺激完成了一项复杂的工作记忆任务。双语者比单语者表现出更少的干扰，在年长成人组和非言语任务中双语优势更大。总之，这些结果表明，执行功能中的双语优势取决于参与者的特征和任务的特点，年长者比年轻者以及使用非言语材料的复杂任务中发现的影响更大。
