儿童交通骑行的关键环境因素：一项采用随车访谈的定性研究
Critical environmental factors for transportation cycling in children: a qualitative study using bike-along interviews.
作者信息
Ghekiere Ariane, Van Cauwenberg Jelle, de Geus Bas, Clarys Peter, Cardon Greet, Salmon Jo, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse, Deforche Benedicte
机构信息
Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 24;9(9):e106696. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106696. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Environmental factors are found to influence transport-related physical activity, but have rarely been studied in relation with cycling for transport to various destinations in 10-12 yr old children. The current qualitative study used 'bike-along interviews' with children and parents to allow discussion of detailed environmental factors that may influence children's cycling for transport, while cycling in the participant's neighborhood.
METHODS
Purposeful convenience sampling was used to recruit 35 children and one of their parents residing in (semi-) urban areas. Bike-along interviews were conducted to and from a randomly chosen destination (e.g. library) within a 15 minutes' cycle trip in the participant's neighborhood. Participants wore a GoPro camera to objectively assess environmental elements, which were subsequently discussed with participants. Content analysis and arising themes were derived using a grounded theory approach.
RESULTS
The discussed environmental factors were categorized under traffic, urban design, cycling facilities, road design, facilities at destination, aesthetics, topography, weather, social control, stranger danger and familiar environment. Across these categories many environmental factors were (in)directly linked to road safety. This was illustrated by detailed discussions of the children's visibility, familiarity with specific traffic situations, and degree of separation, width and legibility of cycle facilities.
CONCLUSION
Road safety is of major concern in this 10-12 yr old study population. Bike-along interviews were able to identify new, detailed and context-specific physical environmental factors which could inform policy makers to promote children's cycling for transport. However, future studies should investigate whether hypothetical changes to such micro environmental features influence perceptions of safety and if this in turn could lead to changes in children's cycling for transport.
背景
研究发现环境因素会影响与交通相关的体力活动，但很少有人研究其与10至12岁儿童骑车前往不同目的地的关系。当前的定性研究采用与儿童及其父母进行“随车访谈”的方式，以便在参与者所在社区骑车时讨论可能影响儿童骑车出行的详细环境因素。
方法
采用目的便利抽样法招募了35名居住在（半）城市地区的儿童及其父母中的一方。在参与者所在社区内，以15分钟自行车行程内随机选择的目的地（如图书馆）为往返点进行随车访谈。参与者佩戴GoPro相机以客观评估环境因素，随后与参与者进行讨论。采用扎根理论方法进行内容分析并得出主题。
结果
所讨论的环境因素分为交通、城市设计、自行车设施、道路设计、目的地设施、美观、地形、天气、社会控制、陌生人危险和熟悉环境等类别。在这些类别中，许多环境因素与道路安全（不）直接相关。儿童的可见性、对特定交通情况的熟悉程度以及自行车设施的分隔程度、宽度和清晰度的详细讨论说明了这一点。
结论
在这个10至12岁的研究人群中，道路安全是主要关注点。随车访谈能够识别新的、详细的和特定背景下的物理环境因素，这可为政策制定者推广儿童骑车出行提供参考。然而，未来的研究应调查对这些微观环境特征的假设性改变是否会影响安全认知，以及这是否反过来会导致儿童骑车出行的变化。
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