D'Haese Sara, Vanwolleghem Griet, Hinckson Erica, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse, Deforche Benedicte, Van Dyck Delfien, Cardon Greet
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015 Nov 26;12:145. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0308-z.
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between a wide range of physical environmental characteristics and different contexts of active transportation in 6- to 12-year-old children across different continents.
A systematic search was conducted in six databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Cinahl, SportDiscus, TRIS and Cochrane) resulting in 65 papers, eligible for inclusion. The investigated physical environmental variables were grouped into six categories: walkability, accessibility, walk/cycle facilities, aesthetics, safety, recreation facilities.
The majority of the studies were conducted in North America (n = 35), Europe (n = 17) and Australia (n = 11). Active transportation to school (walking or cycling) was positively associated with walkability. Walking to school was positively associated with walkability, density and accessibility. Evidence for a possible association was found for traffic safety and all forms of active transportation to school. No convincing evidence was found for associations between the physical environment and active transportation during leisure. General safety and traffic safety were associated with active transportation to school in North America and Australia but not associated with active transportation to school in Europe.
The physical environment was mainly associated with active transportation to school. Continent specific associations were found, indicating that safety measures were most important in relation to active commuting to school in North America and Australia. There is a need for longitudinal studies and studies conducted in Asia, Africa and South-America and studies focusing specifically on active transportation during leisure.
本系统评价的目的是确定不同大陆6至12岁儿童的一系列物理环境特征与不同背景下的主动出行之间的关系。
在六个数据库（PubMed、科学网、护理学与健康领域数据库、体育文献数据库、交通研究信息系统和考克兰图书馆）中进行系统检索，得到65篇符合纳入标准的论文。所调查的物理环境变量分为六类：步行适宜性、可达性、步行/自行车设施、美观性、安全性、娱乐设施。
大多数研究在北美洲（n = 35）、欧洲（n = 17）和澳大利亚（n = 11）进行。步行或骑自行车上学的主动出行与步行适宜性呈正相关。步行上学与步行适宜性、人口密度和可达性呈正相关。发现交通安全与所有形式的步行或骑自行车上学之间可能存在关联的证据。未发现物理环境与休闲期间的主动出行之间存在令人信服的关联证据。一般安全和交通安全与北美洲和澳大利亚的步行或骑自行车上学有关，但与欧洲的步行或骑自行车上学无关。
物理环境主要与步行或骑自行车上学有关。发现了因大陆而异的关联，表明安全措施对于北美洲和澳大利亚的步行或骑自行车上学通勤最为重要。需要进行纵向研究以及在亚洲、非洲和南美洲开展的研究，以及专门关注休闲期间主动出行的研究。
