Cherukuri Harika, Pramoda K, Rohini D, Thunga Girish, Vijaynarayana K, Sreedharan N, Varma Muralidhar, Pandit Vinay
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Medicine, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Toxicol Int. 2014 May;21(2):209-13. doi: 10.4103/0971-6580.139813.
Herbicide poisoning is most common method of suicide in India and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Among different herbicidal poisonings the most predominantly found poisonings are paraquat and glyphosate. These compounds are highly toxic and their poisonings require proper management techniques. High fatality is seen in these cases which are mainly due to its inherent toxicity and lack of effective treatment. Common symptoms of these poisonings includes gastrointestinal corrosive effects with mouth and throat, epigastric pain and dysphagia, acid-base imbalance, pulmonary edema, shock and arrhythmia. Long term health effects include pulmonary fibrosis, renal failure, hepatic failure, heart failure, multi-organ failure or death. No proven antidote exists for these poisonings. So the treatment is mainly supportive. Initially gastric lavage or whole-gut irrigation using adsorbents such as Fuller's earth, bentonite or activated charcoal is recommended. In case of renal failure hemodialysis or hemoperfusion may be considered. However novel approaches like treatment with N-acetylcysteine, vitamin C, vitamin E, cyclophosphamide may also be helpful.
在印度，除草剂中毒是最常见的自杀方式，且与高发病率和死亡率相关。在不同的除草剂中毒中，最主要的是百草枯和草甘膦中毒。这些化合物毒性很强，其中毒需要恰当的处理技术。这些病例中死亡率很高，主要是由于其固有的毒性以及缺乏有效的治疗方法。这些中毒的常见症状包括口腔和咽喉的胃肠道腐蚀效应、上腹部疼痛和吞咽困难、酸碱失衡、肺水肿、休克和心律失常。长期健康影响包括肺纤维化、肾衰竭、肝衰竭、心力衰竭、多器官衰竭或死亡。对于这些中毒情况，尚无经证实有效的解毒剂。因此，治疗主要是支持性的。最初建议使用富勒土、膨润土或活性炭等吸附剂进行洗胃或全肠道灌洗。对于肾衰竭病例，可考虑进行血液透析或血液灌流。然而，像用N - 乙酰半胱氨酸、维生素C、维生素E、环磷酰胺进行治疗等新方法可能也有帮助。
