American Red Cross Blood Services, Southeastern Michigan Region, Detroit, MI, USA.
Transfus Med Hemother. 2014 Jul;41(4):284-95. doi: 10.1159/000364849. Epub 2014 Jul 4.
The emphasis on high-school blood drives and acceptance of 16-year-old blood donors led to more research on physiologic and psychological ways to decrease vasovagal reaction rates in young blood donors and to increase donor retention. Research on how to accomplish this has been advantageous for the blood collection industry and blood donors. This review discussed the current situation and what can be done psychologically, physiologically, and via process improvements to decrease vasovagal reaction rates and increase donor retention. The donation process can be significantly improved. Future interventions may include more dietary salt, a shorter muscle tension program to make it more feasible, recommendations for post-donation muscle tension / squatting / laying down for lightheadedness, more donor education by the staff at the collection site, more staff attention to donors with fear or higher risk for a vasovagal reaction (e.g. estimated blood volume near 3.5 l, first-time donor), and a more focused donation process to ensure a pleasant and safer procedure.
强调高中献血活动和接受 16 岁献血者导致了更多关于生理和心理方法的研究，以降低年轻献血者的血管迷走性反应率并增加献血者保留率。关于如何实现这一目标的研究对血液采集行业和献血者都有好处。本文综述了目前的情况，以及可以在心理、生理和通过流程改进方面做些什么来降低血管迷走性反应率并增加献血者保留率。献血过程可以得到显著改善。未来的干预措施可能包括增加更多的盐，更短的肌肉紧张程序，使其更可行，对头晕后肌肉紧张/深蹲/躺下的建议，由采集点的工作人员提供更多的献血者教育，更多的工作人员关注有恐惧或更高血管迷走性反应风险的献血者（例如，估计血容量接近 3.5 升，首次献血者），以及更集中的献血过程，以确保更愉快和更安全的过程。
