Chen Dezhen, Yin Lijie, Wang Huan, He Pinjing
Thermal & Environmental Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Thermal & Environmental Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Waste Manag. 2014 Dec;34(12):2466-86. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.004. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
Pyrolysis has been examined as an attractive alternative to incineration for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal that allows energy and resource recovery; however, it has seldom been applied independently with the output of pyrolysis products as end products. This review addresses the state-of-the-art of MSW pyrolysis in regards to its technologies and reactors, products and environmental impacts. In this review, first, the influence of important operating parameters such as final temperature, heating rate (HR) and residence time in the reaction zone on the pyrolysis behaviours and products is reviewed; then the pyrolysis technologies and reactors adopted in literatures and scale-up plants are evaluated. Third, the yields and main properties of the pyrolytic products from individual MSW components, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) made from MSW, and MSW are summarised. In the fourth section, in addition to emissions from pyrolysis processes, such as HCl, SO2 and NH3, contaminants in the products, including PCDD/F and heavy metals, are also reviewed, and available measures for improving the environmental impacts of pyrolysis are surveyed. It can be concluded that the single pyrolysis process is an effective waste-to-energy convertor but is not a guaranteed clean solution for MSW disposal. Based on this information, the prospects of applying pyrolysis technologies to dealing with MSW are evaluated and suggested.
热解已被视为一种有吸引力的替代焚烧的城市固体废物（MSW）处置方法，该方法能够实现能源和资源回收；然而，热解产物作为最终产品单独应用的情况却很少见。本综述阐述了城市固体废物热解在技术与反应器、产物及环境影响方面的最新进展。在本综述中，首先，回顾了诸如最终温度、加热速率（HR）和反应区停留时间等重要操作参数对热解行为和产物的影响；然后评估了文献及规模化工厂中采用的热解技术和反应器。第三，总结了来自城市固体废物各组分、由城市固体废物制成的垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）以及城市固体废物的热解产物的产率和主要特性。在第四部分，除了热解过程中的排放物，如HCl、SO2和NH3，还回顾了产物中的污染物，包括多氯二苯并对二恶英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/F）和重金属，并调查了改善热解环境影响的可用措施。可以得出结论，单一热解过程是一种有效的废物转化为能源的方法，但并非城市固体废物处置的可靠清洁解决方案。基于这些信息，对应用热解技术处理城市固体废物的前景进行了评估并提出了建议。
