Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Gériatrique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 12;107(41):17839-44. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1013176107. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
This study aimed to investigate, through functional MRI (fMRI), the neuronal substrates associated with the consolidation process of two motor skills: motor sequence learning (MSL) and motor adaptation (MA). Four groups of young healthy individuals were assigned to either (i) a night/sleep condition, in which they were scanned while practicing a finger sequence learning task or an eight-target adaptation pointing task in the evening (test) and were scanned again 12 h later in the morning (retest) or (ii) a day/awake condition, in which they were scanned on the MSL or the MA tasks in the morning and were rescanned 12 h later in the evening. As expected and consistent with the behavioral results, the functional data revealed increased test-retest changes of activity in the striatum for the night/sleep group compared with the day/awake group in the MSL task. By contrast, the results of the MA task did not show any difference in test-retest activity between the night/sleep and day/awake groups. When the two MA task groups were combined, however, increased test-retest activity was found in lobule VI of the cerebellar cortex. Together, these findings highlight the presence of both functional and structural dissociations reflecting the off-line consolidation processes of MSL and MA. They suggest that MSL consolidation is sleep dependent and reflected by a differential increase of neural activity within the corticostriatal system, whereas MA consolidation necessitates either a period of daytime or sleep and is associated with increased neuronal activity within the corticocerebellar system.
本研究旨在通过功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究与两种运动技能的巩固过程相关的神经元基础：运动序列学习（MSL）和运动适应（MA）。将四组年轻健康个体分为以下两组：（i）夜间/睡眠组，在晚上练习手指序列学习任务或八个目标适应指向任务时进行扫描，并在第二天早上（retest）再次进行扫描；或（ii）白天/清醒组，在早上进行 MSL 或 MA 任务的扫描，并在晚上 12 小时后再次进行扫描。正如预期的那样，并且与行为结果一致，功能数据显示，与白天/清醒组相比，夜间/睡眠组在 MSL 任务中的纹状体的测试-重测活动变化增加。相比之下，MA 任务的结果在夜间/睡眠组和白天/清醒组之间没有显示出测试-重测活动的任何差异。然而，当将两个 MA 任务组结合起来时，小脑皮质 VI 叶的测试-重测活动增加。总的来说，这些发现强调了功能和结构上的差异，反映了 MSL 和 MA 的离线巩固过程。它们表明 MSL 巩固依赖于睡眠，并通过皮质纹状体系统内神经活动的差异增加来反映，而 MA 巩固需要白天或睡眠的时间，并与皮质小脑系统内神经元活动的增加相关。
