Wang Lu-Ning, Jin Ming, Zheng Yudong, Guan Yueping, Lu Xin, Luo Jing-Li
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2014 Sep 17;9:4421-35. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S65866. eCollection 2014.
Due to increased awareness and interest in the biomedical implant field as a result of an aging population, research in the field of implantable devices has grown rapidly in the last few decades. Among the biomedical implants, metallic implant materials have been widely used to replace disordered bony tissues in orthopedic and orthodontic surgeries. The clinical success of implants is closely related to their early osseointegration (ie, the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant), which relies heavily on the surface condition of the implant. Electrochemical techniques for modifying biomedical implants are relatively simple, cost-effective, and appropriate for implants with complex shapes. Recently, metal oxide nanotubular arrays via electrochemical anodization have become an attractive technique to build up on metallic implants to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity. This article will thoroughly review the relevance of electrochemical anodization techniques for the modification of metallic implant surfaces in nanoscale, and cover the electrochemical anodization techniques used in the development of the types of nanotubular/nanoporous modification achievable via electrochemical approaches, which hold tremendous potential for bio-implant applications. In vitro and in vivo studies using metallic oxide nanotubes are also presented, revealing the potential of nanotubes in biomedical applications. Finally, an outlook of future growth of research in metallic oxide nanotubular arrays is provided. This article will therefore provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of electrochemical anodization modification and provide guidance regarding the design and tuning of new materials to achieve a desired performance and reliable biocompatibility.
由于人口老龄化，人们对生物医学植入领域的认识和兴趣不断提高，在过去几十年中，可植入设备领域的研究迅速发展。在生物医学植入物中，金属植入材料已被广泛用于骨科和正畸手术中替代紊乱的骨组织。植入物的临床成功与其早期骨整合密切相关（即活骨与承重人工植入物表面之间的直接结构和功能连接），这在很大程度上依赖于植入物的表面状况。用于修饰生物医学植入物的电化学技术相对简单、成本效益高，适用于形状复杂的植入物。最近，通过电化学阳极氧化制备的金属氧化物纳米管阵列已成为一种有吸引力的技术，可用于在金属植入物上构建，以提高生物相容性和生物活性。本文将全面综述电化学阳极氧化技术在纳米尺度上修饰金属植入物表面的相关性，并涵盖通过电化学方法可实现的纳米管/纳米多孔修饰类型的开发中所使用的电化学阳极氧化技术，这些技术在生物植入应用中具有巨大潜力。还介绍了使用金属氧化物纳米管的体外和体内研究，揭示了纳米管在生物医学应用中的潜力。最后，对金属氧化物纳米管阵列未来的研究发展进行了展望。因此，本文将为研究人员提供对电化学阳极氧化修饰的深入理解，并为设计和调整新材料以实现所需性能和可靠生物相容性提供指导。
