Cetin Emine Sema, Babalik Zehra, Hallac-Turk Filiz, Gokturk-Baydar Nilgun
Biol Res. 2014 Sep 23;47(1):47. doi: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-47.
Plant secondary metabolites are possess several biological activities such as anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, etc. Cell suspension culture is one of the most effective systems to produce secondary metabolites. It is possible to increase the phenolic compounds and tocopherols by using cell suspensions. Studies on tocopherols production by cell suspension cultures are seldom and generally focused on seed oil plants. Although fresh grape, grape seed, pomace and grape seed oil had tocopherols, with our best knowledge, there is no research on tocopherol accumulation in the grape cell suspension cultures. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of cadmium chloride treatments on secondary metabolite production in cell suspension cultures of grapevine. Cell suspensions initiated from callus belonging to petiole tissue was used as a plant material. Cadmium chloride was applied to cell suspension cultures in different concentration (1.0 mM and 1.5 mM) to enhance secondary metabolite (total phenolics, total flavanols, total flavonols, trans-resveratrol, and α-, β-, γ- δ-tocopherols) production. Cells were harvested at two days intervals until the 6th day of cultures. Amounts of total phenolics, total flavanols and total flavonols; trans-resveratrol and tocopherols (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols) and dry cell weights were determined in the harvested cells.
Phenolic contents were significantly affected by the sampling time and cadmium concentrations. The highest values of total phenolic (168.82 mg/100 g), total flavanol (15.94 mg/100 g), total flavonol (14.73 mg/100 g) and trans-resveratrol (490.76 μg/100 g) were found in cells treated with 1.0 mM CdCl2 and harvested at day 2. Contents of tocopherols in the cells cultured in the presence of 1.0 mM CdCl2 gradually increased during the culture period and the highest values of α, β and γ tocopherols (145.61, 25.52 and 18.56 μg/100 g) were detected in the cell cultures collected at day 6.
As a conclusion, secondary metabolite contents were increased by cadmium chloride application and sampling time, while dry cell weights was reduced by cadmium chloride treatments.
植物次生代谢产物具有多种生物活性，如抗诱变、抗癌、抗衰老等。细胞悬浮培养是生产次生代谢产物最有效的系统之一。利用细胞悬浮培养可以增加酚类化合物和生育酚的含量。关于通过细胞悬浮培养生产生育酚的研究很少，且通常集中在种子油植物上。尽管新鲜葡萄、葡萄籽、果渣和葡萄籽油中含有生育酚，但据我们所知，尚无关于葡萄细胞悬浮培养中生育酚积累的研究。本研究旨在确定氯化镉处理对葡萄细胞悬浮培养中次生代谢产物产生的影响。以叶柄组织愈伤组织诱导的细胞悬浮液作为植物材料。将不同浓度（1.0 mM和1.5 mM）的氯化镉应用于细胞悬浮培养，以提高次生代谢产物（总酚、总黄烷醇、总黄酮醇、反式白藜芦醇以及α、β、γ、δ-生育酚）的产量。在培养的第6天前，每隔两天收获一次细胞。测定收获细胞中总酚、总黄烷醇和总黄酮醇的含量；反式白藜芦醇和生育酚（α、β、γ和δ-生育酚）以及干细胞重量。
酚类物质含量受采样时间和镉浓度的显著影响。在1.0 mM CdCl2处理并在第2天收获的细胞中，总酚（168.82 mg/100 g）、总黄烷醇（15.94 mg/100 g）、总黄酮醇（14.73 mg/100 g）和反式白藜芦醇（490.76 μg/100 g）的含量最高。在1.0 mM CdCl2存在下培养的细胞中，生育酚含量在培养期间逐渐增加，在第6天收集的细胞培养物中检测到α、β和γ生育酚的最高含量（145.61、25.52和18.56 μg/100 g）。
总之，施用氯化镉和采样时间可增加次生代谢产物含量，而氯化镉处理会降低干细胞重量。
