Epstein Nancy E
Winthrop University Hospital, Chief of Neurosurgical Spine, Education, and Research, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
Surg Neurol Int. 2014 Aug 28;5(Suppl 7):S295-303. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.139612. eCollection 2014.
The use of multidisciplinary in-hospital teams limits adverse events (AE), improves outcomes, and adds to patient and employee satisfaction.
Acting like "well-oiled machines," multidisciplinary in-hospital teams include "staff" from different levels of the treatment pyramid (e.g. staff including nurses' aids, surgical technicians, nurses, anesthesiologists, attending physicians, and others). Their enhanced teamwork counters the "silo effect" by enhancing communication between the different levels of healthcare workers and thus reduces AE (e.g. morbidity/mortality) while improving patient and healthcare worker satisfaction.
Multiple articles across diverse disciplines incorporate a variety of concepts of "teamwork" for staff covering emergency rooms (ERs), hospital wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and most critically, operating rooms (ORs). Cohesive teamwork improved communication between different levels of healthcare workers, and limited adverse events, improved outcomes, decreased the length of stay (LOS), and yielded greater patient "staff" satisfaction.
Within hospitals, delivering the best medical/surgical care is a "team sport." The goals include: Maximizing patient safety (e.g. limiting AE) and satisfaction, decreasing the LOS, and increasing the quality of outcomes. Added benefits include optimizing healthcare workers' performance, reducing hospital costs/complications, and increasing job satisfaction. This review should remind hospital administrators of the critical need to keep multidisciplinary teams together, so that they can continue to operate their "well-oiled machines" enhancing the quality/safety of patient care, while enabling "staff" to optimize their performance and enhance their job satisfaction.
医院多学科团队的运用可减少不良事件（AE），改善治疗结果，并提高患者和员工满意度。
医院多学科团队就像“运转良好的机器”，其“成员”来自治疗层级的不同级别（例如包括护工、手术技师、护士、麻醉师、主治医生等在内的人员）。他们强化的团队合作通过加强不同层级医护人员之间的沟通来对抗“筒仓效应”，从而减少不良事件（如发病率/死亡率），同时提高患者和医护人员的满意度。
多学科的多篇文章纳入了适用于急诊室（ER）、医院病房、重症监护病房（ICU），以及最为关键的手术室（OR）工作人员的各种“团队合作”概念。紧密的团队合作改善了不同层级医护人员之间的沟通，减少了不良事件，改善了治疗结果，缩短了住院时间（LOS），并提高了患者对“工作人员”的满意度。
在医院内部，提供最佳的医疗/外科护理是一项“团队运动”。目标包括：最大限度地提高患者安全（如减少不良事件）和满意度，缩短住院时间，提高治疗结果质量。额外的好处包括优化医护人员的表现，降低医院成本/并发症，以及提高工作满意度。本综述应提醒医院管理人员迫切需要维持多学科团队的完整性，以便他们能够继续运作其“运转良好的机器”，提高患者护理的质量/安全性，同时使“工作人员”能够优化其表现并提高工作满意度。
