Hayward M D, Grady W R, Hardy M A, Sommers D
Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0191.
Demography. 1989 Aug;26(3):393-409.
This research examines the alternative mechanisms by which occupations influence the nature and timing of older men's labor force withdrawal. We specifically assess the extent to which occupational factors operate directly and indirectly on exiting events and whether occupations constrain traditional determinants of labor force participation. Based on a discrete-time hazard modeling approach, the results substantiate that the occupational task activities--substantive complexity and physical demands--are key elements of the work environment that are evaluated against nonwork alternatives. In the case of retirement, these aspects of occupational attractiveness function as a dominant and direct force in retirement decision making. With regard to disability, the occupational attribute of substantive complexity operates as an indirect advantage (through higher wages) by reducing the risk of disability. Indicators of career continuity also influence retirement among older workers. Finally, the results suggest that financial characteristics and health problems are central to the distribution of older workers across the alternative destination statuses of retirement, disability, and death.
本研究探讨了职业影响老年男性劳动力退出的性质和时间的替代机制。我们具体评估了职业因素对退出事件直接和间接产生影响的程度，以及职业是否会限制劳动力参与的传统决定因素。基于离散时间风险建模方法，研究结果证实，职业任务活动——实质复杂性和体力要求——是工作环境的关键要素，这些要素会与非工作选择进行比较评估。就退休而言，职业吸引力的这些方面在退休决策中起着主导和直接的作用。对于残疾情况，实质复杂性的职业属性通过降低残疾风险，起到了间接优势（通过更高的工资）的作用。职业连续性指标也会影响老年工人的退休情况。最后，研究结果表明，财务特征和健康问题对于老年工人在退休、残疾和死亡等替代归宿状态之间的分布至关重要。
