Rai Deshanie, Bird Julia K, McBurney Michael I, Chapman-Novakofski Karen M
1DSM Nutritional Products,LLC,Parsippany,NJ 07054,USA.
2Division of Nutritional Sciences,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL,USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2015 Jun;18(9):1658-69. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014002067. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
Understanding nutrient intakes among women of childbearing age within the USA is important given the accumulating evidence that maternal body weight gain and nutrient intakes prior to pregnancy may influence the health and well-being of the offspring. The objective of the present study was to evaluate nutritional status in women of childbearing age and to ascertain the influence of ethnicity and income on nutrient intakes.
Nutritional status was assessed using data on nutrient intakes through foods and supplements from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Biomarker data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to assess nutritional status for selected nutrients. Poverty-income ratio was used to assess family income.
White (n 1560), African-American (n 889) and Mexican-American (n 761) women aged 19-30 and 31-50 years were included.
A nationally representative sample of non-pregnant women of childbearing age resident in the USA.
African-American women had the lowest intakes of fibre, folate, riboflavin, P, K, Ca and Mg. Women (31-50 years) with a poverty-income ratio of ≤ 1.85 had significantly lower intakes of almost all nutrients analysed. Irrespective of ethnicity and income, a significant percentage of women were not consuming the estimated recommended amounts (Estimated Average Requirement) of several key nutrients: vitamin A (80%), vitamin D (78%) and fibre (~92%). Nutrient biomarker data were generally reflective of nutrient intake patterns among the different ethnic groups.
Women of childbearing age in the USA are not meeting nutrient intake guidelines, with differences between ethnic groups and socio-economic strata. These factors should be considered when establishing nutrition science advocacy and policy.
鉴于越来越多的证据表明孕期前母体体重增加和营养摄入可能会影响后代的健康和幸福，了解美国育龄妇女的营养摄入情况非常重要。本研究的目的是评估育龄妇女的营养状况，并确定种族和收入对营养摄入的影响。
使用来自国家健康和营养检查调查的食物和补充剂中营养摄入数据评估营养状况。来自疾病控制和预防中心的生物标志物数据用于评估选定营养素的营养状况。贫困收入比用于评估家庭收入。
纳入了年龄在19 - 30岁和31 - 50岁之间的白人（n = 1560）、非裔美国人（n = 889）和墨西哥裔美国人（n = 761）妇女。
美国全国具有代表性的非孕妇育龄妇女样本。
非裔美国妇女的纤维、叶酸、核黄素、磷、钾、钙和镁摄入量最低。贫困收入比≤1.85的妇女（31 - 50岁）几乎所有分析营养素的摄入量都显著较低。无论种族和收入如何，很大比例的妇女未摄入几种关键营养素的估计推荐量（估计平均需求量）：维生素A（约80%）、维生素D（约78%）和纤维（约92%）。营养生物标志物数据总体上反映了不同种族群体的营养摄入模式。
美国育龄妇女未达到营养摄入指南，不同种族群体和社会经济阶层之间存在差异。在制定营养科学宣传和政策时应考虑这些因素。
