Kredel Lea I, Siegmund Britta
Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany.
Front Immunol. 2014 Sep 24;5:462. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00462. eCollection 2014.
Obesity has become one of the main threats to health worldwide and therefore gained increasing clinical and economic significance as well as scientific attention. General adipose-tissue accumulation in obesity is associated with systemically increased pro-inflammatory mediators and humoral and cellular changes within this compartment. These adipose-tissue changes and their systemic consequences led to the concept of obesity as a chronic inflammatory state. A pathognomonic feature of Crohn's disease (CD) is creeping fat (CF), a locally restricted hyperplasia of the mesenteric fat adjacent to the inflamed segments of the intestine. The precise role of this adipose-tissue and its mediators remains controversial, and ongoing work will have to define whether this compartment is protecting from or contributing to disease activity. This review aims to outline specific cellular changes within the adipose-tissue, occurring in either obesity or CF. Hence the potential impact of adipocytes and resident immune cells from the innate and adaptive immune system will be discussed for both diseases. The second part focuses on the impact of generalized adipose-tissue accumulation in obesity, respectively on the locally restricted form in CD, on intestinal inflammation and on the closely related integrity of the mucosal barrier.
肥胖已成为全球健康的主要威胁之一，因此在临床和经济方面的重要性日益增加，同时也受到了科学界更多的关注。肥胖时一般脂肪组织的蓄积与全身促炎介质水平升高以及该组织内的体液和细胞变化有关。这些脂肪组织变化及其全身影响导致了肥胖是一种慢性炎症状态的概念。克罗恩病（CD）的一个特征性表现是匐行脂肪（CF），即紧邻肠道炎症节段的肠系膜脂肪局部增生。这种脂肪组织及其介质的确切作用仍存在争议，后续研究将必须明确该组织是对疾病活动起到保护作用还是促进作用。本综述旨在概述肥胖或CF中脂肪组织内发生的特定细胞变化。因此，将讨论两种疾病中脂肪细胞以及来自先天性和适应性免疫系统的驻留免疫细胞的潜在影响。第二部分重点关注肥胖中全身性脂肪组织蓄积以及CD中局部受限形式的脂肪组织对肠道炎症和密切相关的黏膜屏障完整性的影响。
