Paeschke Anna, Erben Ulrike, Kredel Lea I, Kühl Anja A, Siegmund Britta
aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and RheumatologybResearch Center ImmunoSciences, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;33(1):53-58. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000324.
The composition of activated adipose tissue with adipocytes secreting a broad spectrum of immune-modulatory adipokines next to adipose tissue-derived stromal cells and professional immune effector cells in the visceral fat creates a complex network of inflammatory processes shaping local immune responses in the adjacent inflamed intestinal mucosa.
In Crohn's disease a particular phenomenon called 'creeping fat' can be observed. Here the hyperplastic mesenteric fat tissue not only grows around inflamed small intestinal segments but also furthermore affects the regulation of the mucosal immune system. Diverticular disease is highly prevalent in the western world but the knowledge about its immunopathology remains incomplete. Interestingly, adipose tissue also frequently covers the basolateral site of inflamed diverticula, hence locally reflecting the phenomenon seen in Crohn's disease.
This review aims to summarize the current knowledge in which measures this intraabdominal fat participates in the regulation of intestinal inflammation with a particular focus on differences and possible parallels in Crohn's disease and diverticulitis. The available data allow for suggesting that each inflamed diverticula mechanistically reflects Crohn's disease on a miniature scale.
在内脏脂肪中，活化的脂肪组织由分泌多种免疫调节性脂肪因子的脂肪细胞、脂肪组织来源的基质细胞和专业免疫效应细胞组成，形成了一个复杂的炎症过程网络，塑造了相邻炎症性肠黏膜中的局部免疫反应。
在克罗恩病中可观察到一种特殊现象，即“匐行脂肪”。在此，增生的肠系膜脂肪组织不仅围绕发炎的小肠段生长，还会进一步影响黏膜免疫系统的调节。憩室病在西方世界非常普遍，但对其免疫病理学的了解仍不完整。有趣的是，脂肪组织也经常覆盖发炎憩室的基底外侧部位，因此局部反映了在克罗恩病中所见的现象。
本综述旨在总结目前关于腹内脂肪参与肠道炎症调节的知识，特别关注克罗恩病和憩室炎中的差异及可能的相似之处。现有数据表明，每个发炎的憩室在机制上都在微观尺度上反映了克罗恩病。
