1 Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2013 Dec;10 Suppl:S165-9. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201305-118AW.
During and immediately after birth, neonates are exposed to an environment laden with bacteria, a stark contrast to the sterile environment of the womb. Over the ensuing weeks and months, environmental microbial communities colonize their new host, and subsequent host-microbial cross-talk provides key developmental signals for the host's immune system. Emerging data from epidemiological and cellular research studies suggest that the nature of this cross-talk might be an underlying factor for the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This review describes recent findings concerning the bacterial microbiota in the airways and places these data within the context of epidemiological and experimental studies that allude to the functional significance of host-microbial cross-talk in pulmonary inflammation.
在出生期间和之后的不久，新生儿就会接触到充满细菌的环境，这与子宫内无菌的环境形成鲜明对比。在接下来的数周和数月里，环境微生物群落定植于新生儿体内，随后的宿主-微生物相互作用为宿主的免疫系统提供了关键的发育信号。来自流行病学和细胞研究的新兴数据表明，这种相互作用的性质可能是慢性肺部疾病（如哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病）发展、维持和恶化的一个潜在因素。这篇综述描述了关于气道细菌微生物组的最新发现，并将这些数据置于流行病学和实验研究的背景下，这些研究暗示了宿主-微生物相互作用在肺部炎症中的功能意义。
