换位思考能减少犯罪吗？探究一条通过共情关注和内疚倾向的途径。
Can perspective-taking reduce crime? Examining a pathway through empathic-concern and guilt-proneness.
作者信息
Martinez Andres G, Stuewig Jeffrey, Tangney June P
机构信息
The Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
出版信息
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Dec;40(12):1659-67. doi: 10.1177/0146167214554915. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
We describe and appraise a theoretical model in which individual differences in perspective-taking eventuate in crime reduction. Specifically, it is hypothesized that perspective-taking propensities influence the tendency to feel empathic-concern, thereby heightening proneness for guilt, which ultimately inhibits criminal behavior (perspective-taking → empathic-concern → guilt-proneness → crime desistance). Data from two sources were analyzed: (a) a cross-sectional college sample and (b) a longitudinal sample of jail inmates. Overall, results lend credence to this theoretical model: Perspective-taking propensities ultimately "put the brakes" on criminal behavior-via an emotional pathway of empathic-concern and then guilt-proneness. Discussion focuses on the nature of perspective-taking, its generative role for moral emotion and behavior, as well as potential applications for crime reduction.
我们描述并评估了一个理论模型，在该模型中，换位思考的个体差异最终会导致犯罪率降低。具体而言，假设换位思考倾向会影响产生共情关注的倾向，从而增强产生内疚感的倾向，这最终会抑制犯罪行为（换位思考→共情关注→内疚倾向→停止犯罪）。我们分析了来自两个来源的数据：（a）一个横断面的大学生样本和（b）一个监狱囚犯的纵向样本。总体而言，结果支持了这一理论模型：换位思考倾向最终通过共情关注和内疚倾向的情感途径“抑制”了犯罪行为。讨论聚焦于换位思考的本质、其对道德情感和行为的产生作用，以及降低犯罪率的潜在应用。
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