Ekechi Christine, Olaitan Adeola, Ellis Rosie, Koris Jacob, Amajuoyi Adaugo, Marlow Laura Av
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Oct 22;14:1096. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1096.
Women from ethnic minority backgrounds are less likely to attend cervical screening, but further understanding of ethnic inequalities in cervical screening uptake is yet to be established. This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic and ethnicity-related predictors of cervical cancer knowledge, cervical screening attendance and reasons for non-attendance among Black women in London.
A questionnaire was completed by women attending Black and ethnic hair and beauty specialists in London between February and April 2013. A stratified sampling frame was used to identify Black hair specialists in London subdivisions with >10% Black population (including UK and foreign-born). Fifty-nine salons participated. Knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and symptoms, self-reported screening attendance and reasons for non-attendance at cervical screening were assessed.
Questionnaires were completed by 937 Black women aged 18-78, describing themselves as being predominantly from African or Caribbean backgrounds (response rate 26.5%). Higher educational qualifications (p < .001) and being born in the UK (p = .011) were associated with greater risk factor knowledge. Older age was associated with greater symptom knowledge (p < .001). Being younger, single, African (compared to Caribbean) and attending religious services more frequently were associated with being overdue for screening. Women who had migrated to the UK more than 10 years ago were less likely to be overdue than those born in the UK. Of those overdue for screening who endorsed a barrier (67/133), 'I meant to go but didn't get round to it' (28%), fear of the test procedure (18%) and low risk perception (18%) were the most common barriers.
Ethnicity, migration and religiosity play a role in predicting cervical screening attendance among women from Black backgrounds. African women, those born in the UK and those who regularly attend church are most likely to put off attending. Additional research is needed to explore the attitudes, experiences and beliefs that explain why these groups might differ.
少数族裔背景的女性参加宫颈癌筛查的可能性较低，但对于宫颈癌筛查接受率方面种族不平等的进一步理解仍有待确立。本研究旨在探讨伦敦黑人女性中与社会人口统计学及种族相关的宫颈癌知识、宫颈癌筛查参与情况及未参与原因的预测因素。
2013年2月至4月期间，在伦敦的黑人及少数族裔美发美容店就诊的女性完成了一份问卷。采用分层抽样框架在伦敦黑人人口比例超过10%（包括英国出生和外国出生）的分区中识别黑人美发店。59家沙龙参与其中。评估了宫颈癌危险因素和症状的知识、自我报告的筛查参与情况以及未参加宫颈癌筛查的原因。
937名年龄在18 - 78岁的黑人女性完成了问卷，她们主要描述自己来自非洲或加勒比背景（回复率26.5%）。更高的教育程度（p < 0.001）和在英国出生（p = 0.011）与对危险因素的更多了解相关。年龄较大与对症状的更多了解相关（p < 0.001）。更年轻、单身、非洲裔（与加勒比裔相比）以及更频繁参加宗教活动与筛查逾期相关。移民到英国超过10年的女性比在英国出生的女性筛查逾期的可能性更小。在那些认可存在阻碍因素的筛查逾期者中（67/133），“我本打算去但没抽出时间”（28%）、对检查程序的恐惧（18%）和低风险认知（18%）是最常见的阻碍因素。
种族、移民和宗教信仰在预测黑人背景女性的宫颈癌筛查参与情况中发挥作用。非洲裔女性、在英国出生的女性以及经常去教堂的女性最有可能推迟参加筛查。需要进一步研究以探索解释这些群体为何存在差异的态度、经历和信念。
