Han Xuemei, Smyth Regan L, Young Bruce E, Brooks Thomas M, Sánchez de Lozada Alexandra, Bubb Philip, Butchart Stuart H M, Larsen Frank W, Hamilton Healy, Hansen Matthew C, Turner Will R
NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.
NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Nov 19;9(11):e112046. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112046. eCollection 2014.
Recognizing the imperiled status of biodiversity and its benefit to human well-being, the world's governments committed in 2010 to take effective and urgent action to halt biodiversity loss through the Convention on Biological Diversity's "Aichi Targets". These targets, and many conservation programs, require monitoring to assess progress toward specific goals. However, comprehensive and easily understood information on biodiversity trends at appropriate spatial scales is often not available to the policy makers, managers, and scientists who require it. We surveyed conservation stakeholders in three geographically diverse regions of critical biodiversity concern (the Tropical Andes, the African Great Lakes, and the Greater Mekong) and found high demand for biodiversity indicator information but uneven availability. To begin to address this need, we present a biodiversity "dashboard"--a visualization of biodiversity indicators designed to enable tracking of biodiversity and conservation performance data in a clear, user-friendly format. This builds on previous, more conceptual, indicator work to create an operationalized online interface communicating multiple indicators at multiple spatial scales. We structured this dashboard around the Pressure-State-Response-Benefit framework, selecting four indicators to measure pressure on biodiversity (deforestation rate), state of species (Red List Index), conservation response (protection of key biodiversity areas), and benefits to human populations (freshwater provision). Disaggregating global data, we present dashboard maps and graphics for the three regions surveyed and their component countries. These visualizations provide charts showing regional and national trends and lay the foundation for a web-enabled, interactive biodiversity indicators dashboard. This new tool can help track progress toward the Aichi Targets, support national monitoring and reporting, and inform outcome-based policy-making for the protection of natural resources.
认识到生物多样性的濒危状况及其对人类福祉的益处，世界各国政府于2010年承诺通过《生物多样性公约》的“爱知目标”采取有效且紧急的行动来遏制生物多样性丧失。这些目标以及许多保护计划都需要进行监测，以评估在实现特定目标方面的进展。然而，对于需要此类信息的政策制定者、管理者和科学家而言，在适当空间尺度上有关生物多样性趋势的全面且易于理解的信息往往难以获取。我们对生物多样性至关重要的三个地理区域（热带安第斯地区、非洲大湖地区和湄公河次区域）的保护利益相关者进行了调查，发现对生物多样性指标信息有很高的需求，但信息的可获取性并不均衡。为了开始满足这一需求，我们展示了一个生物多样性“仪表盘”——一种生物多样性指标的可视化呈现，旨在以清晰、用户友好的格式追踪生物多样性和保护绩效数据。这是在以往更具概念性的指标工作基础上构建的，以创建一个可操作的在线界面，在多个空间尺度上传达多个指标。我们围绕压力-状态-响应-效益框架构建了这个仪表盘，选择了四个指标来衡量对生物多样性的压力（森林砍伐率）、物种状态（红色名录指数）、保护响应（关键生物多样性地区的保护）以及对人类的益处（淡水供应）。通过对全球数据进行分解，我们展示了所调查的三个区域及其组成国家的仪表盘地图和图表。这些可视化呈现提供了显示区域和国家趋势的图表，并为基于网络的交互式生物多样性指标仪表盘奠定了基础。这个新工具有助于追踪实现爱知目标的进展情况，支持国家监测和报告，并为基于成果的自然资源保护政策制定提供信息。
