Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA.
J Sports Sci Med. 2014 Dec 1;13(4):904-11. eCollection 2014 Dec.
Muscle architecture is a determinant for sprinting speed and jumping power, which may be related to anaerobic sports performance. In the present investigation, the relationships between peak (PVJP) and mean (MVJP) vertical jump power, 30m maximal sprinting speed (30M), and muscle architecture were examined in 28 college-aged, recreationally-active men (n = 14; 24.3 ± 2.2y; 89.1 ± 9.3kg; 1.80 ± 0.07 m) and women (n = 14; 21.5 ± 1.7y; 65.2 ± 12.4kg; 1.63 ± 0.08 m). Ultrasound measures of muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PNG), cross-sectional area (CSA), and echo intensity (ECHO) were collected from the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) of both legs; fascicle length (FL) was estimated from MT and PNG. Men possessed lower ECHO, greater muscle size (MT & CSA), were faster, and were more powerful (PVJP & MVJP) than women. Stepwise regression indicated that muscle size and quality influenced speed and power in men. In women, vastus lateralis asymmetry negatively affected PVJP (MT: r = -0.73; FL: r = -0.60) and MVJP (MT: r = -0.76; FL: r = -0.64), while asymmetrical ECHO (VL) and FL (RF) positively influenced MVJP (r = 0.55) and 30M (r = 0.57), respectively. Thigh muscle architecture appears to influence jumping power and sprinting speed, though the effect may vary by gender in recreationally-active adults. Appropriate assessment of these ultrasound variables in men and women prior to training may provide a more specific exercise prescription. Key pointsThe manner in which thigh muscle architecture affects jumping power and sprinting speed varies by gender.In men, performance is influenced by the magnitude of muscle size and architecture.In women, asymmetrical muscle size and architectural asymmetry significantly influence performance.To develop effective and precise exercise prescription for the improvement of jumping power and/or sprinting speed, muscle architecture assessment prior to the onset of a training program is advised.
肌肉结构是决定短跑速度和跳跃力量的因素，这可能与无氧运动表现有关。在本研究中，我们检查了 28 名大学年龄、有规律运动的男性（n = 14；24.3 ± 2.2 岁；89.1 ± 9.3kg；1.80 ± 0.07 m）和女性（n = 14；21.5 ± 1.7 岁；65.2 ± 12.4kg；1.63 ± 0.08 m）的峰值（PVJP）和平均（MVJP）垂直跳跃力、30m 最大冲刺速度（30M）与肌肉结构之间的关系。从双腿的股直肌（RF）和股外侧肌（VL）采集超声测量的肌肉厚度（MT）、肌腹角（PNG）、横截面积（CSA）和回声强度（ECHO）；从 MT 和 PNG 估计肌束长度（FL）。男性的 ECHO 较低，肌肉较大（MT 和 CSA），速度较快，爆发力较强（PVJP 和 MVJP）。逐步回归表明，肌肉大小和质量影响男性的速度和力量。在女性中，股外侧肌不对称性负向影响 PVJP（MT：r = -0.73；FL：r = -0.60）和 MVJP（MT：r = -0.76；FL：r = -0.64），而不对称性 ECHO（VL）和 FL（RF）正向影响 MVJP（r = 0.55）和 30M（r = 0.57）。大腿肌肉结构似乎会影响跳跃力量和短跑速度，但在有规律运动的成年人中，这种影响可能因性别而异。在训练前对男性和女性进行这些超声变量的适当评估可能会提供更具体的运动处方。关键点大腿肌肉结构影响跳跃力量和短跑速度的方式因性别而异。在男性中，表现受肌肉大小和结构的影响。在女性中，肌肉大小和结构的不对称性显著影响表现。为了制定提高跳跃力量和/或短跑速度的有效和精确的运动处方，建议在训练计划开始前评估肌肉结构。
