Booth T F, Davies C R, Jones L D, Staunton D, Nuttall P A
NERC Institute of Virology, Oxford, U.K.
J Gen Virol. 1989 May;70 ( Pt 5):1093-104. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-70-5-1093.
Infection by Thogoto (THO) virus, a tick-borne virus related to the orthomyxoviruses, has been compared in vertebrate cell culture and in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks using infectivity titrations, immunofluorescence, and immune electron microscopy with colloidal gold markers to detect cell surface and intracellular antigens. Morphogenesis of THO virus in cell culture was similar to that of influenza virus, with polymorphic virus particles budding at the plasma membrane. In the tick, THO viral infection caused no obvious pathology; virions or budding profiles were not observed in electron micrographs, although replication, trans-stadial persistence and transmission to a susceptible host occur. THO virus was not detected in the salivary glands of trans-stadially infected ticks until about 7 days after the commencement of feeding on a host. The synganglion (brain) appears to be the major organ involved in trans-stadial persistence of the virus; viral antigens were detected in the neural cortex (cell bodies) but not in nerve fibres and axons. The detection of THO viral antigen in basement membranes and connective tissue, but its absence from nerve fibres, suggests that dissemination occurs via the haemolymph rather than a neural route.
托戈托（THO）病毒是一种与正粘病毒有关的蜱传病毒，已通过感染性滴定、免疫荧光以及使用胶体金标记的免疫电子显微镜来检测细胞表面和细胞内抗原，在脊椎动物细胞培养物和微小牛蜱中对其感染情况进行了比较。THO病毒在细胞培养中的形态发生与流感病毒相似，多形性病毒颗粒在质膜处出芽。在蜱中，THO病毒感染未引起明显病变；尽管发生了复制、经变态期持续存在并传播给易感宿主，但在电子显微镜照片中未观察到病毒粒子或出芽形态。直到在宿主体上开始取食约7天后，才在经变态期感染的蜱的唾液腺中检测到THO病毒。交感神经节（脑）似乎是参与病毒经变态期持续存在的主要器官；在神经皮质（细胞体）中检测到病毒抗原，但在神经纤维和轴突中未检测到。在基底膜和结缔组织中检测到THO病毒抗原，但在神经纤维中未检测到，这表明病毒是通过血淋巴而非神经途径传播的。
