Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Dec 4;7(1):a016659. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016659.
Homology search and DNA strand-exchange reactions are central to homologous recombination in meiosis. During meiosis, these processes are regulated such that the probability of choosing a homolog chromatid as recombination partner is enhanced relative to that of choosing a sister chromatid. This regulatory process occurs as homologous chromosomes pair in preparation for assembly of the synaptonemal complex. Two strand-exchange proteins, Rad51 and Dmc1, cooperate in regulated homology search and strand exchange in most organisms. Here, we summarize studies on the properties of these two proteins and their accessory factors. In addition, we review current models for the assembly of meiotic strand-exchange complexes and the possible mechanisms through which the interhomolog bias of recombination partner choice is achieved.
同源性搜索和 DNA 链交换反应是减数分裂中同源重组的核心。在减数分裂过程中，这些过程受到调节，使得选择同源染色单体作为重组伙伴的概率相对于选择姐妹染色单体的概率增加。这种调节过程发生在同源染色体配对为联会复合体组装做准备时。在大多数生物体中，两种链交换蛋白 Rad51 和 Dmc1 合作进行有调节的同源性搜索和链交换。在这里，我们总结了这两种蛋白质及其辅助因子的特性研究。此外，我们还回顾了目前关于减数分裂链交换复合物组装的模型，以及实现重组伙伴选择的同源偏好的可能机制。
