Hall Jennifer
Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859.
Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2014 Nov;73(11 Suppl 2):13-6.
Decompression Illness includes both Decompression Sickness (DCS) and Pulmonary Overinflation Syndrome (POIS), subsets of diving-related injury related to scuba diving. DCS is a condition in which gas bubbles that form while diving do not have adequate time to be resorbed or "off-gassed," resulting in entrapment in specific regions of the body. POIS is due to an overly rapid ascent to the surface resulting in the rupture of alveoli and subsequent extravasation of air bubbles into tissue planes or even the cerebral circulation. Divers must always be cognizant of dive time and depth, and be trained in the management of decompression. A slow and controlled ascent, plus proper control of buoyancy can reduce the dangerous consequences of pulmonary barotrauma. The incidence of adverse effects can be diminished with safe practices, allowing for the full enjoyment of this adventurous aquatic sport.
减压病包括减压症（DCS）和肺过度膨胀综合征（POIS），它们是与水肺潜水相关的潜水相关损伤的子集。减压症是指潜水时形成的气泡没有足够时间被重新吸收或“排出气体”，导致被困在身体的特定区域。肺过度膨胀综合征是由于过快上升到水面导致肺泡破裂，随后气泡渗入组织平面甚至脑循环。潜水员必须始终注意潜水时间和深度，并接受减压管理方面的培训。缓慢且受控的上升，加上对浮力的适当控制，可以减少肺气压伤的危险后果。通过安全操作可以降低不良反应的发生率，从而充分享受这项冒险的水上运动。
