Department of New Architectures in Materials Chemistry, Materials Science Institute of Madrid - CSIC , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain.
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England.
IUCrJ. 2014 Oct 28;1(Pt 6):563-70. doi: 10.1107/S2052252514020351. eCollection 2014 Nov 1.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the most intensely studied material types in recent times. Their networks, resulting from the formation of strong bonds between inorganic and organic building units, offer unparalled chemical diversity and pore environments of growing complexity. Therefore, advances in single-crystal X-ray diffraction equipment and techniques are required to characterize materials with increasingly larger surface areas, and more complex linkers. In addition, whilst structure solution from powder diffraction data is possible, the area is much less populated and we detail the current efforts going on here. We also review the growing number of reports on diffraction under non-ambient conditions, including the response of MOF structures to very high pressures. Such experiments are important due to the expected presence of stresses in proposed applications of MOFs - evidence suggesting rich and complex behaviour. Given the entwined and inseparable nature of their structure, properties and applications, it is essential that the field of structural elucidation is able to continue growing and advancing, so as not to provide a rate-limiting step on characterization of their properties and incorporation into devices and applications. This review has been prepared with this in mind.
金属-有机骨架（MOFs）是近年来研究最为深入的材料类型之一。它们的网络是由无机和有机构筑单元之间形成的强键形成的，提供了无与伦比的化学多样性和日益复杂的孔环境。因此，需要先进的单晶 X 射线衍射设备和技术来表征具有越来越大表面积和更复杂连接体的材料。此外，虽然从粉末衍射数据中可以解决结构问题，但该领域的研究较少，我们详细介绍了目前正在进行的工作。我们还回顾了越来越多的非环境条件下的衍射报告，包括 MOF 结构对极高压力的响应。由于在 MOF 的预期应用中存在应力，这些实验非常重要——这表明存在丰富而复杂的行为。鉴于它们的结构、性质和应用的交织和不可分割的性质，结构阐明领域必须能够继续发展和进步，以免在对其性质的表征和将其纳入器件和应用中成为一个限速步骤。编写本综述时考虑到了这一点。
