Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;
J Extracell Vesicles. 2014 Dec 5;3:25129. doi: 10.3402/jev.v3.25129. eCollection 2014.
Calcifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells within atherosclerotic plaques have received increased attention for their role in mediating vascular calcification, a major predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the difference between this pathologic vesicle population and other EVs that contribute to physiological cellular processes. One major challenge that hinders research into these differences is the inability to selectively isolate calcifying EVs from other vesicle populations. In this study, we hypothesized that the formation of mineral within calcifying EVs would increase the density of the vesicles such that they would pellet at a faster rate during ultracentrifugation. We show that after 10 min of ultracentrifugation at 100,000×g, calcifying EVs are depleted from the conditioned media of calcifying coronary artery smooth muscle cells and are enriched in the pelleted portion. We utilized mass spectrometry to establish functional proteomic differences between the calcifying EVs enriched in the 10 min ultracentrifugation compared to other vesicle populations preferentially pelleted by longer ultracentrifugation times. The procedures established in this study will allow us to enrich the vesicle population of interest and perform advanced proteomic analyses to find subtle differences between calcifying EVs and other vesicle populations that may be translated into therapeutic targets for vascular calcification. Finally, we will show that the differences in ultracentrifugation times required to pellet the vesicle populations can also be used to estimate physical differences between the vesicles.
细胞外囊泡(EVs)是细胞分泌的一种囊泡,其在介导血管钙化方面的作用受到越来越多的关注,血管钙化是心血管发病率和死亡率的一个主要预测因素。然而,人们对这种病理性囊泡群体与参与生理细胞过程的其他 EVs 之间的区别知之甚少。阻碍对这些差异进行研究的一个主要挑战是无法选择性地从其他囊泡群体中分离出钙化 EVs。在这项研究中,我们假设钙化 EVs 内形成的矿物质会增加囊泡的密度,从而使其在超速离心过程中更快地沉淀。我们表明,在 100,000×g 下超速离心 10 分钟后,钙化 EVs 从钙化冠状动脉平滑肌细胞的条件培养基中耗尽,并富集在沉淀部分。我们利用质谱技术,在 10 分钟超速离心富集的钙化 EVs 与其他通过更长超速离心时间优先沉淀的囊泡群体之间建立功能蛋白质组学差异。本研究中建立的程序将使我们能够富集感兴趣的囊泡群体,并进行先进的蛋白质组学分析,以发现钙化 EVs 与其他囊泡群体之间的细微差异,这些差异可能转化为血管钙化的治疗靶点。最后,我们将表明沉淀囊泡群体所需的超速离心时间的差异也可用于估计囊泡之间的物理差异。
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