Gan Lu, Xu Midie, Zhang Yi, Zhang Xia, Guo Weijian
Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Tumour Biol. 2015 Jan;36(1):129-41. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2894-9. Epub 2014 Dec 13.
As the discovery of functions of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR lifts ncRNA to new levels, large numbers of research have been demonstrated for the roles of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes, such as development, cellular differentiation, and a wide range of diseases including cancer. And, recent studies have discovered that lncRNAs can participate in almost every step in the life cycle of gene regulation, including chromosome dosage compensation, imprinting, epigenetic regulation, nuclear and cytoplasmic trafficking, transcription, mRNA splicing, and translation, mainly in the four archetypes-signals, decoys, guides, and scaffolds. Unsurprisingly, accumulating studies have demonstrated that serious lncRNAs are dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC), one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and closely related to tumorigenesis, metastasis, or prognosis. In this review, we will discuss diverse functions of lncRNAs and highlight the growing evidence for the important roles of lncRNAs acting as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC, as indicators of GC prognosis, or even as therapeutic targets in GC.
随着长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）HOTAIR功能的发现将非编码RNA提升到了新的高度，大量研究已经证实lncRNAs在多种生物学过程中发挥作用，如发育、细胞分化以及包括癌症在内的多种疾病。而且，最近的研究发现lncRNAs几乎可以参与基因调控生命周期的每一个步骤，包括染色体剂量补偿、印记、表观遗传调控、核质运输、转录、mRNA剪接和翻译，主要通过四种原型——信号分子、诱饵分子、引导分子和支架分子。不出所料，越来越多的研究表明，在全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一——胃癌（GC）中，严重的lncRNAs表达失调，并且与肿瘤发生、转移或预后密切相关。在本综述中，我们将讨论lncRNAs的多种功能，并强调越来越多的证据表明lncRNAs作为GC早期诊断的生物标志物、GC预后指标甚至GC治疗靶点所起的重要作用。
