Workman Alan D, Cohen Noam A
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):454-64. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4092.
Cilia in the human respiratory tract play a critical role in clearing mucus and debris from the airways. Their function can be affected by a number of drugs or other substances, many of which alter ciliary beat frequency (CBF). This has implications for diseases of the respiratory tract and nasal drug delivery. This article is a systematic review of the literature that examines 229 substances and their effect on CBF.
MEDLINE was the primary database used for data collection. Eligibility criteria based on experimental design were established, and 152 studies were ultimately selected. Each individual trial for the substances tested was noted whenever possible, including concentration, time course, specific effect on CBF, and source of tissue.
There was a high degree of heterogeneity between the various experiments examined in this article. Substances and their general effects (increase, no effect, decrease) were grouped into six categories: antimicrobials and antivirals, pharmacologics, human biological products, organisms and toxins, drug excipients, and natural compounds/other manipulations.
Organisms, toxins, and drug excipients tend to show a cilioinhibitory effect, whereas substances in all other categories had mixed effects. All studies examined were in vitro experiments, and application of the results in vivo is confounded by several factors. The data presented in this article should be useful in future respiratory research and examination of compounds for therapeutic and drug delivery purposes.
人类呼吸道中的纤毛在清除气道中的黏液和碎屑方面起着关键作用。其功能会受到多种药物或其他物质的影响，其中许多会改变纤毛摆动频率（CBF）。这对呼吸道疾病和鼻腔给药有影响。本文是一篇文献系统综述，研究了229种物质及其对CBF的影响。
MEDLINE是用于数据收集的主要数据库。基于实验设计制定了纳入标准，最终选择了152项研究。尽可能记录所测试物质的每项单独试验，包括浓度、时间进程、对CBF的具体影响以及组织来源。
本文所研究的各种实验之间存在高度异质性。物质及其一般影响（增加、无影响、降低）被分为六类：抗菌和抗病毒药物、药理学药物、人类生物制品、生物体和毒素、药物辅料以及天然化合物/其他处理。
生物体、毒素和药物辅料往往表现出纤毛抑制作用，而所有其他类别的物质则有混合效应。所有研究均为体外实验，其结果在体内的应用受到多种因素的干扰。本文所呈现的数据应有助于未来的呼吸道研究以及用于治疗和给药目的化合物的研究。
