Lu Shao-You, Zhang Hui-Min, Sojinu Samuel O, Liu Gui-Hua, Zhang Jian-Qing, Ni Hong-Gang
Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Jan;187(1):4220. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4220-9. Epub 2014 Dec 17.
The levels of seven essential trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mo) and six non-essential trace elements (Cr, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb) in a total of 89 drinking water samples collected in Shenzhen, China were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the present study. Both the essential and non-essential trace elements were frequently detectable in the different kinds of drinking waters assessed. Remarkable temporal and spatial variations were observed among most of the trace elements in the tap water collected from two tap water treatment plants. Meanwhile, potential human health risk from these non-essential trace elements in the drinking water for local residents was also assessed. The median values of cancer risks associated with exposure to carcinogenic metals via drinking water consumption were estimated to be 6.1 × 10(-7), 2.1 × 10(-8), and 2.5 × 10(-7) for As, Cd, and Cr, respectively; the median values of incremental lifetime for non-cancer risks were estimated to be 6.1 × 10(-6), 4.4 × 10(-5), and 2.2 × 10(-5) for Hg, Pb, and Sb, respectively. The median value of total incremental lifetime health risk induced by the six non-essential trace elements for the population was 3.5 × 10(-5), indicating that the potential health risks from non-carcinogenic trace elements in drinking water also require some attention. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most important factor for health risk assessment should be the levels of heavy metal in drinking water.
本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了在中国深圳采集的89份饮用水样本中7种必需微量元素（锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、硒和钼）和6种非必需微量元素（铬、砷、镉、锑、汞和铅）的含量。在所评估的不同类型饮用水中，必需和非必需微量元素均经常被检测到。从两个自来水处理厂采集的自来水中，大多数微量元素存在显著的时间和空间变化。同时，还评估了当地居民饮用水中这些非必需微量元素对人体健康的潜在风险。通过饮用水摄入致癌金属的癌症风险中位数估计，砷、镉和铬分别为6.1×10(-7)、2.1×10(-8)和2.5×10(-7)；汞、铅和锑的非癌症风险终生增量中位数估计分别为6.1×10(-6)、4.4×10(-5)和2.2×10(-5)。六种非必需微量元素对人群造成的终生健康风险增量中位数为3.5×10(-5)，表明饮用水中非致癌微量元素的潜在健康风险也需要引起一定关注。敏感性分析表明，健康风险评估中最重要的因素应为饮用水中的重金属含量。
