Wild Christopher P, Bucher John R, de Jong Bas W D, Dillner Joakim, von Gertten Christina, Groopman John D, Herceg Zdenko, Holmes Elaine, Holmila Reetta, Olsen Jørgen H, Ringborg Ulrik, Scalbert Augustin, Shibata Tatsuhiro, Smith Martyn T, Ulrich Cornelia, Vineis Paolo, McLaughlin John
Director's Office, Sections of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (CPW, ZH, RH, AS); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (JRB); Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (BWDdJ); Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, BioBanking & Molecular Resource Infrastructure, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (JD); Radiation Medicine Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (CvG); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (JDG); Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK (EH); Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark (JHO); Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden (UR); Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan (TS); School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA (MTS); Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (CU); Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (PV); Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (JM).
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 Dec 16;107(1):353. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju353. Print 2015 Jan.
Cancer research is drawing on the human genome project to develop new molecular-targeted treatments. This is an exciting but insufficient response to the growing, global burden of cancer, particularly as the projected increase in new cases in the coming decades is increasingly falling on developing countries. The world is not able to treat its way out of the cancer problem. However, the mechanistic insights from basic science can be harnessed to better understand cancer causes and prevention, thus underpinning a complementary public health approach to cancer control. This manuscript focuses on how new knowledge about the molecular and cellular basis of cancer, and the associated high-throughput laboratory technologies for studying those pathways, can be applied to population-based epidemiological studies, particularly in the context of large prospective cohorts with associated biobanks to provide an evidence base for cancer prevention. This integrated approach should allow a more rapid and informed translation of the research into educational and policy interventions aimed at risk reduction across a population.
癌症研究正在借助人类基因组计划来开发新的分子靶向治疗方法。这是对日益增长的全球癌症负担的一种令人兴奋但并不充分的应对措施，尤其是考虑到预计在未来几十年里新增病例的增加将越来越多地出现在发展中国家。全世界无法通过治疗来解决癌症问题。然而，基础科学的机制性见解可用于更好地理解癌症的成因和预防，从而为癌症控制提供一种补充性的公共卫生方法。本手稿重点关注关于癌症分子和细胞基础的新知识，以及用于研究这些途径的相关高通量实验室技术如何应用于基于人群的流行病学研究，特别是在拥有相关生物样本库的大型前瞻性队列研究背景下，以为癌症预防提供证据基础。这种综合方法应能使研究成果更快、更明智地转化为旨在降低人群风险的教育和政策干预措施。
