Chapman H David, Jeffers Thomas K
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2014 Oct 25;4(3):214-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.10.002. eCollection 2014 Dec.
Drug resistance is a problem wherever livestock are raised under intensive conditions and drugs are used to combat parasitic infections. This is particularly true for the anticoccidial agents used for the prevention of coccidiosis caused by protozoa of the apicomplexan genus Eimeria in poultry. Resistance has been documented for all the dozen or so drugs approved for use in chickens and varying levels of resistance is present for those currently employed. A possible solution may be the introduction of drug-sensitive parasites into the houses where poultry are raised so that they may replace such drug-resistant organisms. This can be achieved by utilizing live vaccines that contain strains of Eimeria that were isolated before most anticoccidial compounds were introduced. Such strains are inherently drug-sensitive. Practical proposals to achieve this objective involve the alternation of vaccination with medication (known as rotation programs) in successive flocks reared in the same poultry house. A proposal for a yearly broiler production cycle involving chemotherapy and vaccination is presented. There are few, if any, examples in veterinary parasitology where it has proved possible to restore sensitivity to drugs used to control a widespread parasite. Further research is necessary to ascertain whether this can result in sustainable and long-term control of Eimeria infections in poultry.
无论在何种集约化养殖牲畜且使用药物防治寄生虫感染的地方，耐药性都是一个问题。在家禽养殖中用于预防由顶复门艾美耳属原生动物引起的球虫病的抗球虫药尤其如此。已记录到所有已批准用于鸡的十几种药物都存在耐药性，并且目前使用的药物也存在不同程度的耐药性。一个可能的解决方案是将对药物敏感的寄生虫引入家禽饲养场，以便它们取代这类耐药生物。这可以通过使用含有在大多数抗球虫化合物引入之前分离的艾美耳球虫菌株的活疫苗来实现。这类菌株本质上对药物敏感。实现这一目标的实际建议包括在同一禽舍饲养的连续批次家禽中交替进行疫苗接种和药物治疗（称为轮换方案）。本文提出了一个涉及化疗和疫苗接种的年度肉鸡生产周期方案。在兽医寄生虫学领域，几乎没有（如果有的话）已证明能够恢复对用于控制广泛传播的寄生虫的药物敏感性的实例。有必要进行进一步研究，以确定这是否能实现对家禽艾美耳球虫感染的可持续长期控制。
